Becker, G.F. 1895. A reconnaissance of the goldfields of the Southern Appalachians. U.S. Giol. Surv. 16th Annu. Rep. USGS, Washington, D.C. pp. 289-290.

Berry, J.L. 1977. Chemical weathering and geomorpholgical processes at Coweeta, North Carolina. Geol. Soc. Am. Abs. 9:120.

Brewer, R. 1976. Fabric and mineral analysis of soils. Krieger Publ., NY.

Bricker, O.P., A.e. Godfrey, and E.T. Cleaves. 1968. Mineral- water interaction during chemical weathering of silicates. In Gould, R.F. (ed.) Trace organics in water: Am. Chem. Soc., Advances in Chemistry Series. 73:128-142.

Buol, S.W. and S.B. Weed. 1991. Saprolite-soil transformations in the Piedmont and mountains of North Carolina. Geoderma 51:15- 28.

Cady, J.G. 1950. Rock weathering and soil formation in the North Carolina Piedmont region. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 15: 337- 342.

Calvert, C.S., S.W. Buol, and S.B. Weed. 1980a. Mineralogical characteristics and transformation of a vertical rock-saprolite- soil sequence in the North Carolina Piedmont:I. Profile morpholgy, chemical composition, and mineralogy. Soil Sci. Soc. Am.J. 44: 1096-1103.

Calvert, C.S., S.W. Buol, and S.B. Weed. 1980b. Mineralogical characteristics and transformation of a vertical rock-saprolite- soil sequence in the North Carolina Piedmont:II. Feldspar alteration products-their transformations through the profile. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44: 1104-1112.

Chartres, C.J. and P.H. Walker. 1988. The effect of aeolian accessions on soil development on granitic rocks in southeastern Australia. III. Micromorpholgical and geochemical evidence of weathring and soil development. Aust. J. Soil Sci. 26:33-53.

Cleaves E.T. 1974. Petrologic and chemical investigation of chemical weathering in mafic rocks, Eastern Piedmont of Maryland. Md. Geol. Survey Report of Invest. No. 25. 28pp.

Dixon, J.C., and R. W. Young. 1981. Character and origin of deep arenaceous weathering mantles on the Bega Batholth, southeastern Australia. Catena 8:97-109.

Eswaran, H. and W.C. Bin. 1978. A study of a deep weathering profile on granite in peninsular Malaysia: I. Physio-chemical and micromorphological properties. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42:144- 149.

Flach, K.W., J.G. Cady, and W.D. Nettleton. 1968. Pedogenic alteration of highly weathered parent materials. Trans. 9th Intl. Congr. Soil Sci. 4:343-351.

Gardner, L.R., I. Kheoruenromne, and H.S. Chen. 1978. Isovolumetric geochemical investigation of a buried granite saprolite near Columbia, SC, U.S.A. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 42:417-424.

Gardner, L.R. 1980. Mobilization of Al and Ti during weathering- isovolumetric geochemical evidence. Chem. Geol. 30:151-165.

Gardner, L.R. I. Kheoruenromne, and H.S. Chen. 1981. Geochemistry and mineralogy of an unusual diabase saprolite near Columbia, SC. Clays and Clay Minerals. 29:184-190.

Graham, R.C., R.B. Daniels, and S.W. Buol. 1990. Soil-geomorphic relations on the Blue Ridge front:I. Regolith types and slope processes. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54:1362-1367.

Graham, R.C., K.R. Tice, and W.R. Guertal. 1994. The pedologic nature of weathered rock. pp. 21-40. In Cremeens et al. (eds.) Whole regolith pedology, SSSA Special Publication no. 34, Madison, WI.

Guertal, W.R., M.J. Pavich, and S.F. Obermeier. 1977. Mineralogical, chemical, and physical properties of teh regolith overlying crystalline rocks, Fairfax County, Virginia-A preliminary report. U.S. Geol. Survey Open File Report 77-644. 14 pp.

Lindbo, D.L., J. Brigham-Grette, and P.L.M. Veneman. 1994. Depositional and post-depositional features in Late Illinoian and Late Wisconsin tills of Massachusetts. pp. 75-95. In Cremeens et al. (eds.) Whole regolith pedology, SSSA Special Publication no. 34, Madison, WI.

Lumb, P. 1962. The properties of decomposed granite. Geotechnique. 12:226-243.

McKeague, J.A., D.R. Grant, H. Kodama, G.J. Beke, and C. Wang. 1983. Properties and genesis of a soil and underlying gibsite- bearing saprolite, Cape Breton, Island, Canada. Can. J. Earth Sci. 20:37-48.

Millot, G. 1970. Geology of clays. Springer-Verlag, New York.

Pavich, M.J., G.W. Leo, S.F. Obermeier, and J.R. Estabrook. 1989. Investigations of the characteristics, origin, and residence time of the upland residual mantle of the Piedmont of Fairfax County, Virginia. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper No. 1352. 58 pp.

Plaster, R.W., and W.C. Sherwood. 1971. Bedrock weathring and residual soil formation in central Virginia: Geol. Soc. of Am. Bull. 82:2813-2826.

Rice, T.J., Jr., S.W. Buol, and S.B. Weed. 1985b. Soil-saprolite profiles derived from mafic rocks in the North Carolina Piedmont: I. Chemical. morpholgical, and mineralogical characteristics and transormations. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49:171-178.

Rice, T.J., Jr., S.W. Buol, and S.B. Weed. 1985b. Soil-saprolite profiles derived from mafic rocks in the North Carolina Piedmont:II. Association of free-ion oxides with soils and clays. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49:178-186.

Rutherford, G.K., and D.J. Thacker. 1988. Characteristics of two mafic saprolites and their associated soil profiles in Canada. Can. J. Soil Sci. 68:223-231.

Schoenberger, P.J., S.B. Weed, A. Amoozegar, and S.W. Buol. 1992. Color zonation associated with fractures in a felsic gneiss saprolite. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 56:1855-1859.

Stolt, M.H., J.C. Baker, and T.W. Simpson. 1991a. Bucket auger modification for obtaining undisturbed samples of deep saprolite. Soil Science. 151:179-182.

Stolt, M.H., J.C. Baker, and T.W. Simpson. 1991b. Micromorpholgy of the soil-saprolite transition zone in Hapludults of Virginia. Soil Sci. Am. J. 55:1067-1075.

Stolt, M.H., J.C. Baker, and T.W. Simpson.1992. Characterization and genesis of saprolite derived from gneissic rocks of Virginia. Soil Sco. Soc. Am. J. 56:531-339.

Stolt, M.H., and J.C. Baker. 1994. Strategies for studying saprolite and saprolite genesis. pp. 1-19. In Cremeens et al. (eds.) Whole regolith pedology, SSSA Special Publication no. 34, Madison, WI.

Stoops, G. 1983. The oxic horizon. p. 419-440. In Bullock and Murphy (eds.) Soil micromorphology, AB Academic Press, Berkhamsted.

Vaughan, P.R., and C.W. Kwan. 1984. Weathering, structure, and in situ stress in residual soils. Geotechnique. 34:43-59.

Velbel, M.A. 1985. Geochemical mass balances and weathering rates in forested watersheds of the southern Blue Ridge. Am. J. Sci. 285:904-930.

Velbel, M.A. 1986. The mathematical basis for determining rates of geochemicl and geomorphic processes in small forested watersheds by mass balance: Examples and implications. p. 439-- 451. In S.M. Colman and D.P. Dethier (eds.). Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals. Academic OPress, Orlando, FL.

Vepraskas, M.J., M.T. Hoover, and J. Bouma. 1991. Sampling strategies for assessing hydraulic conductivity and water- conducting voids in saprolite. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55:165-170.

This page (http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/plymouth/programs/sap.html) created by
Vera MacConnell, Research Technician, I on February 27, 1998.
Last Updated on February 27, 1998.