Initially, nitrogen-deficient plants are smaller and light green when compared to the control.

As symptoms progress, the lowest oldest leaves turn chlorotic.

Advanced symptoms include small stunted plants with uniformly chlorotic lower mature leaves, which eventually abscise.

Phosphorus deficiency is observed as pale green plants that are relatively similar in size to the control.

The lower mature leaves have a faint chlorosis, followed by the tips developing a brown necrosis.

Under advanced symptoms, brown necrotic patches affect the recently mature and mature leaves. Complete necrosis develops with the papery textured mature leaves withering.

Initially, potassium deficiency is observed as a yellowing of the lower mature leaves, which begins at the leaf tips and margins.

As symptoms progress, the chlorosis on the mature leaves becomes more pronounced. The chlorotic regions then develop a brown papery necrotic area on the margins. The upper and lower mature leaves become cupped with a downward curl.

Initial calcium-deficiency symptoms develop as small brown spots on the young and recently mature leaves, starting at the base and progressing to the middle of the leaf. The young leaves appear small and deformed.

Small brown to black spots begin to develop, moving from the base of the midrib to the tip of the recently mature and mature leaves. The necrosis also moves into adjoining veins.

With advanced calcium deficiency symptoms, flower buds are incomplete and turn necrotic.

Magnesium deficient plants begin as a interveinal chlorosis on the recently mature and mature leaves and the margins turn light green.

As symptoms progress, a distinct chlorosis appears on the recently mature and mature leaves. The margins are yellowing while the midrib remains dark green.

Advanced symptoms appear as a severe yellow interveinal chlorosis, which is accompanied by brown necrotic margins and tips.

Initially sulfur deficiency appear with the growing point turning to a lime-green color compared to the control. The young leaves are often smaller than the control.

As symptoms progress, an intense lime green chlorosis affects the young and recently mature leaves progressing from the leaf base to the tip. The mature leaves remain a dark green.

Overall stunting of the plant occurs with advanced sulfur deficiency. The plants become thin and spindly with smaller leaves and flowers become slightly bleached, compared to the control.

Initially, boron-deficient plants are stunted and compact.

As symptoms progress, the terminal tip stops growing, forming a rosette appearance and subsequently flower buds cease to develop. The young and recently mature leaves become small and deformed, while a brown necrosis starts at the leaf base. The petioles of the young to mature leaves expand in width and are bleached.

Copper-deficient plants show initial symptoms with light green young and recently mature leaves compared to the control.

Mature leaves form patches of slightly brown transparent spots.

Advanced symptoms develop a basal necrosis on the margins of mature leaves.

Initially, iron-deficient young leaves are light green compared to the control.

As symptoms develop, chlorosis progresses to the recently mature leaves, while the mature leaves remain dark green. The light green chlorosis is progresses into a yellowish-green color.

At advanced symptoms the young leaves are yellowish-white and the recently mature leaves are light yellow.

Manganese deficiency begins with the young to recently mature leaves turning light green with slightly swollen or wider leaf blades than the control.

As symptoms progress, the mature leaves form small brown transparent spots in the middle portion of the leaf. The leaves appear more swollen and lighter green.

Leaf comparison of manganese-deficient leaves to the control.

Initially zinc-deficient plants are a lighter green than the control.

As symptoms progress the leaf tips develop a faint brownish-gray necrosis.

Advanced symptoms include smaller plants with mature leaf tips having a papery tan necrosis, which progresses to the base.