Nitrogen deficiency develops as overall smaller plants with less axillary branching.

Nitrogen-deficient shoots are about two-thirds the length of the control shoots.

As symptoms progress, shoot length remains stunted and develops a stiff upright stem.

Advanced symptoms are noticeable when the lowest most mature leaves develop a yellow-green basal chlorosis, which progresses to a reddish-brown necrotic withering.

Initially, phosphorus-deficient leaves develop a faint dark green cast.

With advanced symptoms, there is little to no axillary branching on the stunted shoots and the phosphorus-deficient plants develop a dull green cast compared to the control.

Initially, calcium-deficient plants develop small brown necrotic spots on the margins of the young chlorotic leaves.

Calcium deficient plants are small and compact compared to the control.

As symptoms progress, a light yellow-green marginal chlorosis develops on the young and recently mature leaves. These leaves begin to curve and pucker which causes them to look deformed.

At advanced stages, the young to recently mature leaves begin to curl downward. The young leaf tips develop a brown necrosis, while the flower buds turn brown and abort.

Magnesium deficiency initially appears on the mature leaf margins as a light green interveinal chlorosis.

The mature leaves quickly develop tan to brown necrotic patches, which originated at the chlorotic margins.

Close-up of a advanced mature leaf with tan marginal necrosis.

Sulfur deficiency initially appears as small severely stunted plants with little to no axillary branching.

As symptoms progress, the internodes remain short and develop a pink to purple pigmentation near the shoot tip.

Sulfur-deficient plants are short, compact and rigid at advanced stages.

Shoots are extremely stunted and lack axillary branches. The young to mature leaves are short and narrow compared to the control. Overall the plants develop a faint lime-green cast.

Initially, boron deficiency affects the young leaves, which are often twisted and deformed. A light green marginal chlorosis develops on the young to recently mature leaves, while the entire plant becomes glossy.

As symptoms progress, the young to mature leaves become slightly shorter, wider and glossier than the control, with a bleach-white basal chlorosis.

The chlorotic shoot tip develops a rosette appearance because it has stopped elongating. Small-deformed buds turn brown and abort.

Copper-deficiency first appears with a curling of the young leaves in a spiral manner.

The young to recently mature leaves develop a severe downward curling with recessed midveins.

As symptoms progress, the mature leaves develop a tan to brown necrosis on the margins.

The mature leaves become more necrotic and begin to curl at the leaf tips. Overall the leaves develop a dull blue-green cast, compared to the control.

The copper-deficient flowers develop a dramatic pink pigmentation, compared to the purple control.

Initially, on iron-deficient plants the young leaves develop a light green chlorosis and the recently mature leaves show a faint interveinal chlorosis.

As symptoms progress, the young axillary shoots develop a light whitish-green chlorosis.

Advanced iron deficiency shows the recently mature to upper-mature leaves with a distinct light green interveinal chlorosis. A uniform light yellow-green chlorosis appears on the young leaves.

Initially, manganese deficient plants are often small and develop a uniform light green chlorosis, while the recently mature leaves develop a marginal chlorosis.

As symptoms progress, the shoots fail to elongate and there is little to no axillary branching. The shoots develop a dull light green chlorosis and recently mature leaves appear slightly smaller than the control.

Severely stunted chlorotic plants with thick canopies are advanced symptoms of manganese deficiency.