Rose Culture

Roses are not the easiest flowers to grow. However, your success with roses will increase greatly if you apply a few basic principles.

Select a well-drained site where roses will receive full sun for at least half the day -- all day is best. Early morning sun is critical - afternoon shade is acceptable. This will allow the foliage to dry in the morning which will discourage diseases. The site should be located away from fruit trees and vegetable gardens to help reduce insect problems.

The best soil is a rich, clay loam has a high organic content. Its best to prepare an entire bed, instead of digging individual holes. Roses need good soil drainage. Incorporate a 2- to 4-inch layer of organic matter such as compost, aged manure, or pine bark mulch. Have a soil test taken and lime and fertilize according to the results. Roses need a pH between 5.5 and 6.0. If a soil test is not taken, it may be wise to incorporate superphosphate (0-46-0) fertilizer. Many of our soils are normally low in phosphorus.

Roses can be planted in late fall or early spring.When settling plants, dig the hole large enough for the roots to spread out in their natural position. Make the hole deep enough so the “nub” or crook in the main stem is 1 inch above the surface. For bare-root plants gently work the soil around the roots. For container grown plants, loose the roots on the outside edge of the root ball.

Allow adequate space between plants -- 3 to 4 feet is good for most rose cultivars. Good air circulation will help reduce rose diseases. Prune to remove any damaged or diseased canes. Water the soil to help it settle and to eliminate air pockets. After planting, mulch with a 3- to 4-inch layer of organic matter. The mulch should be removed each year before new growth begins and a new layer of mulch applied. This will help reduce disease problems.

Roses need large quantities of nutrients. When the first buds appear, broadcast two to three pounds of 8-8-8 fertilizer, or equivalent, per 100 square feet. Work the fertilizer into the soil and the water thoroughly, so the fertilizer will soak down to the roots. You can apply fertilizer on top of the mulch, but you should water thoroughly afterwards. Continue fertilizing at four-week intervals until mid-August.

Water during hot, dry weather. Try to keep the foliage dry. A soaker hose does a good job.

Consumer Horticulture | Quick Reference