Problems Associated with Tree Roots

Exposed surface roots - can become unsightly or in the way. Roots do not suddenly grow on the soil surface. Roots increase in diameter over a period of years. Soil erosion can speed their exposure. Exposed roots need protection from pedestrian and vehicle traffic including lawn mowers. Mulching exposed roots physically protects them as well as conserves soil moisture and prevents direct sunlight from heating the roots. Cutting off or covering roots with top soil are temporary solutions that can cause long term damage to tree roots.

Septic system - Tree root problems can occur around septic fields and sewer lines. Trees such as willow, maple, and elms should not be planted near a septic field. Tree roots are often incorrectly blamed for plugging and breaking pipes. Roots can not exert enough pressure to crack a pipe. Natural settling, age, and wear cause pipes to crack. Leaking pipes encourage roots to grow into the area and to penetrate through the cracks. As roots increase in size, cracks widen and breaks occur.

Cracked sidewalks, pavement - As roots increase in diameter they can crack or lift side walks, drives ways, and other paved surfaces. Severe pruning of tree roots can lead to major decline or tree death. The best solution is to select trees that are less likely to become a problem or to plant further away from paved surfaces. Root barriers can be used around curbs and gutters, parking lots, sidewalks, and driveways to reduce tree growth. Place barriers in the soil to a depth of 18 to 24 inches by trenching along the area to be protected.

Tree stumps - Many trees, such as sweet gum, wild cherry, and maples, will resprout after they have been cut down. Sometimes sprouts will appear on roots near the soil surface. To prevent resprouting from surface roots or the main trunk, stumps of freshly cut trees should be treated with a brush killer or a 25 to 30 percent solution of Roundup, as soon as the tree is cut.

The stump of a cut tree can also be a problem. It can be removed by digging (difficult at best), burning (not recommended), or by hiring a tree company to grind out the stump. Another method is to encourage or speed up the natural decay process. Some woods are very durable and make take years to rot. The length of time will vary with tree species, moisture, temperature, and size of the stump. Cut the stump as close as possible to the ground and cover it with soil, or dill holes and add fertilizer or a tree stump decay material. The holes should be about an inch in diameter, 6 to 12 inches deep, and spaced about a foot apart.

Consumer Horticulture | Trees | Plant Fact Sheets

Prepared by: Erv Evans, Consumer Horticulturist, NC State University