Fronds:
Lustrous, dark green, leathery
fronds in a close mass; broadest in middle; pinnate-pinnatifid;
alternating pairs of closely spaced pinnae; short blunt lobes; pinnule
are narrow, point upward, and taper at both ends; rachis is dark
purple brown below and dull green above with several groves; very
long stipe is blackish to purple brown; sori are in broken chains
parallel to pinna and pinnule midvein
Comments:
Does best in
moist areas near a stream, pond or water garden; sun or shade; sandy
to humus rich soil; spreads rapidly - can be invasive
