|
|
|
On Monday, August 13, Dr. John Dole from North Carolina State University will talk about Cultivar Selection and Species and Techniques for Season-long Harvesting of Field Cuts. Dr. Dole teaches and conducts research on specialty cut flower production, water and mineral nutrition management, Dutch bulbs, and poinsettia production. He coordinates the Association of Specialty Cut Flower Growers National Seed Trial and Perennial Trial and is the Executive Advisor for the Association of Specialty Cut Flower Growers. He is co-author of the floriculture textbook Floriculture Principles and Species . Pre-register for this workshop by August 9.
A second workshop on Monday, September 10 , will focus on Insect Pests and Troubleshooting Problems in Cut Flower Production . I will present the talk on insects, and Dr. Brian Whipker, NCSU Extension Floriculture Specialist, will show slides and discuss some common problems and how to manage them. A panel of local, successful cut flower growers will present an overview of their operation and answer questions. Pre-register for this workshop by September 6.
Both workshops will be from 7:00-9:00 p.m. in the auditorium of the Agricultural Building in Pittsboro. Advance registration is requested. A $15 registration fee is required to cover printing and material costs, and includes attendance at both workshops. Please register early by calling 919-542-8202. Mail your check for $15 payable to Chatham County Cooperative Extension and mail to Debbie Roos, PO Box 279, Pittsboro, NC, 27312.
| Flower | Planting Date |
Method of
Establishment (seed or transplant) |
|---|---|---|
| Bachelor's Buttons (Centaurea cyanus) |
|
| |
| Sweet William (Dianthus barbatus) |
|
| |
| Sweet Rocket (Hesperis matronalis) |
|
| |
| Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) |
|
| |
| Lupine (Lupinus ) |
|
| |
| Beardtongue (Penstemon) |
|
| |
| Gloriosa Daisy (Rudbeckia hirta) |
|
| |
| Larkspur (Consolida ambigua) |
|
| |
| Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) |
|
| |
| Delphinium |
|
| |
| Love-in-a-Mist (Nigella damascena) |
|
| |
| Corn Cockle (Agrostemma githago) |
|
| |
| Coreopsis |
|
| |
| Bupleurum griffithii |
|
| |
| Pincushion Flower (Scabiosa spp.) |
|
| |
Other cool-season flowers are less hardy and do well when planted in late winter, around February 1. These include baby's breath (Gypsophilia paniculata), false queen anne's lace (Ammi majus), pot-marigold (Calendula), stock (Matthiola incana), bellflower (Campanula spp.), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), and sweet pea (Lathyrus). The following perennials benefit from being planted in the fall: yarrow (Achillea spp.), monkshood (Aconitum spp.), ornamental onion (Allium spp.), poppy anemone (Anemone coronaria), butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa), aster (Aster spp.), false goat's beard (Astilbe x arendsii), globe thistle (Echinops bannaticus), sea holly (Eryngium spp.), blazing star (Liatris spp.), lily (Lilium hybrids), cardinal flower (Lobelia spp.), gooseneck loosestrife (Lysimachia clethroides), garden phlox (Phlox paniculata), obedient plant (Phystostegia virginiana), balloonflower (Platycodon grandiflorus), and meadow-rue (Thalictrum spp.). Spring-flowering bulbs such as iris and daffodils should be planted around November 1 in this area. A shot of P (e.g., bone meal, rock phosphate) and K (e.g., greensand, Sul-Po-Mag) at the time of planting will help plants get rooted quickly. Don't provide extra nitrogen in the fall because you don't want to stimulate top growth which is susceptible to winter injury. Don't overwater in the fall for the same reason: you want enough to encourage root growth but not so much that the plant grows lush. Be vigilant about monitoring for insect pests, because these new plants need all the leaf area they can get to help promote root growth!
Who are Gleaners? The Society of St. Andrew (SoSA), a
hunger relief organization
based in
Virgina, began the Gleaning Network program in 1988. SoSA
operates a North Carolina
program out of their Durham office. SoSA organizes volunteers
from churches, clubs, schools,
and other groups (as well as individuals) to glean at farms
across the state.
Where Does the Food Go? SoSA donates the gleaned produce
to assistance agencies
that
distribute it through their network of social service programs.
Within 24-48 hours of picking,
the produce is usually being eaten by hungry people.
Important Information About Gleaning:
Other contact information:
Greenhouse Construction: This hands-on class will cover the
construction of greenhouses
and
cold frames. Students will assist in the design and installation
of a solar greenhouse at the
Sustainable Farming program's Land Lab. The goal is to develop
the skills for making
intelligent decisions for your farm operation's needs. Offered
Mondays, 2:00-6:00 PM,
9/10/01 to 11/26/01; Bill Dow, instructor.
Organic Vegetable Production: This course will cover the
planning, installation and
maintenance of an organic fall vegetable garden. Consisting of
class and field time, students
will gain hands on experience in producing vegetables for local
markets. Instruction on season
extension and winter cover crops will also be included. Offered
Mondays, 6:00-9:00 PM,
9/10/01 to 12/10/01; Tony Kleese and Doug Jones, instructors.
Plant Identification for Southern Landscapes: This class will
focus on the fundamentals of
plant identification using the Carolina Certified Plantsman list
as a basis for selection.
Classroom instruction and field trips to local nurseries,
gardens, and arboretums will provide
students with a variety of learning opportunities. The goal is to
provide the students with the
information, skills, and resources to make good decisions when
selecting plants for southern
landscapes. Care and maintenance of plants as well as natural
controls for disease and pests
will be covered. Recommended for those interested in working in
the landscape or nursery
business. Offered Mondays, 6:00-9:00 PM, 9/10/01 to 11/26/01;
Doris Huneycutt, instructor.
Formulating a Business Plan: Rural Entrepreneurship through
Action Learning
(R.E.A.L.):
This established entrepreneurial and small business skills course
will give students the
management, accounting and business planning skills necessary to
implement a sound
agricultural business plan. It is designed to assist farmers who
want to start a new farm
operation, or to develop products or services to expand an
existing enterprise. Offered
Mondays, 6:00-9:00 PM, 9/10/01 to 12/17/01; Karen Watts,
instructor.
Wild Edible and Medicinal Plants - Field Study: The focus of
this field study will be
locating,
identifying, approaching, collecting and using your own edible
and medicinal plants. Frequent
field trips to local areas for identification and sustainable
harvest of native plants are planned
as part of the learning experience. Learn how to explore herb
habitats and communities, and
discover ways to open up to this healing, nurturing, and renewing
force. Most of the class will
take place outdoors, so come dressed accordingly. Students should
bring a notebook suitable
for use outdoors. Offered Tuesdays, 3:00-6:00 PM, 10/9/01 to
12/11/01; Will Endres,
instructor.
Wild Edible and Medicinal Plants: Herbalist and Wild Crafter
Will Endres shares his
more
than twenty-five years of experience in the gathering and
preparation of wild herbs for
personal use and sale. Learn how to wisely integrate plants into
your daily life. This is an
interactive course where you will be given the opportunity to ask
all of your herbal questions.
The preparation of herbs for use by drying, and by making fluid
extracts will be covered. This
course complements the Field Study class, but neither is a
pre-requisite. Offered Tuesdays,
7:00-9:00 PM, 10/9/01 to 12/11/01; Will Endres, instructor.
Plant Propagation for Market Garden and Nursery: Topics in
this class will include tools
and
techniques for propagation by seed, division and cuttings as well
as grafting and budding.
Seasonally appropriate propagation will be demonstrated; other
topics will include producing
a marketable product, an overview of the nursery industry and
seed saving techniques.
Instruction will combine the talents of local experts to give
students a basic understanding and
hands-on experience in propagating plants for market. Offered
Tuesdays, 3:00-6:00 PM,
9/11/01 to 11/27/01; Robin Kohanowich and Andy Upshaw,
instructors.
Biological Soil and Pest Management: The foundation of
sustainable agriculture is the
building and maintaining of healthy soil, plant and insect
biological cycles. This class covers
the properties of different soil types, soil testing and
amendments necessary to maintaining a
biologically active and healthy soil. It also discusses
integrated pest management, including
biological, cultural and least toxic chemical control for weeds,
disease and insect management.
The class will include hands-on insect identification in the
field. Offered Tuesdays, 7:00-9:30
PM, 9/11/01 to 12/11/01; Joel Gruver, instructor.
Ecopsychology: A new course that will explore the
psychological issues and research
dealing
with humans and their relationship to their environment, and
provides a forum for exploring
pathways to change. This course is appropriate for anyone who
hopes to make a difference in
human quality of life issues. Offered Tuesdays, 7:00-9:30 PM,
9/11/01 to 11/27/01; Toni
Goodyear, instructor.
Agricultural Mechanics: From simple hand tools to internal
combustion engines, students
will
learn how to use and maintain farm tools and machinery. Class
will include hands on training
in small engine diagnostics and repair. Farm tractors and
implements will be discussed and
demonstrated. Offered Wednesdays, 3:00-6:00 PM, 9/5/01 to
12/05/01; Hulbert Mundy,
instructor.
Marketing Farm Products: This course will instruct students
in market theory and practice
and
introduce various marketing strategies such as agrotourism,
selling to local farmers markets
and direct to consumer. Students will learn how to evaluate
markets and contact buyers at the
wholesale level as well as determine the market venues that fit
their personality and farm
profile. Offered Wednesdays, 7:00-9:00 PM, 9/12/01 to 11/28/01;
Robin Kohanowich,
instructor.
Permaculture Design: Students learn and apply a landscape
design process to
permaculture on
a project site of their choosing. Successful completion of
Permaculture Fundamentals is
required before taking this class. A certificate in Permaculture
Design is awarded to students
who successfully complete both courses. Offered Wednesdays,
6:00-9:00 PM, 9/12/01 to
11/21/01 (2 afternoon field trips are planned).
Water for Farm, Home and Village: The class will cover
on-site methods for obtaining
drinking water, irrigation water, and filtering wastewater.
Topics covered include rainwater
harvesting, water purifying, pond building, irrigation,
aquaculture, well drilling, greywater
treatment, water pumping and spring protection. Class will take
place at Sustenance Farm in
Bear Creek. Offered Thursdays, 2:00-6:00 PM, 9/6/01 to 10/25/01;
Harvey Harman,
instructor.
Basic Farm Construction: Students will receive hands-on
instruction in farm construction
skills
from tool safety and use to planning and implementing a farm
building project. Topics
covered will include basic design, masonry, wiring, framing, and
plumbing. Elements of
greenhouse and small farm buildings will be included. Offered
Thursdays, 3:00-6:00 PM,
9/20/01 to 12/13/01; Kevin Meehan, instructor.
Cut Flower Production: A look at the business of growing and
marketing quality cut
flowers.
This course will cover such topics as site and seed selection,
growing flowers that maintain
their quality, marketing strategies and bouquet design. Offered
Thursdays, 7:00-9:00 PM, 9/13/01 to 12/5/01; Leah Cook,
instructor.
Basic House Construction: This class will review the North
Carolina building codes, the
permit process, and the building inspection schedules. Students
will study techniques of
foundation work, carpentry, plumbing, electrical, and heating and
air-conditioning. The final
segment will look at building design with an emphasis on low
impact, passive solar and
ecological construction methods. Offered Thursdays, 7:00-9:00 PM,
9/20/01 to 12/13/01;
Kevin Meehan, instructor.
To register call 919-542-6495 ext. 223; for more information call
Robin at 919-542-6495 ext.
229
by Donald E. Bixby, DVM
Executive Director,
American Livestock Breeds
Conservancy
While the organization was initiated as an effort to save rare
breeds, breed conservation is no
longer an issue of historical nostalgia, but an issue of food
security. Conservation of a full
spectrum of breeds is how biodiversity is preserved in farm
animals. A breed expresses the
characteristics of an identifiable genetic package. It is
therefore important to conserve the
genetic integrity of a wide range of breeds to safeguard the full
spectrum of biodiversity in
the livestock species. Breeds are the genetic resource most
easily studied, used and conserved.
Domestic Plant and Animal Conservation Similarities
Conserves world biodiversity for present and future uses:
Industrial stocks originated from either a portion of a
standardized breed or a cross
between two or more standardized breeds, with further selection
for maximum performance in
a closely controlled environment. Examples are Holstein dairy
cattle and Cornish Rock
broilers.
A standardized breed is a product of close human selection
for specific production
characteristics and phenotypic uniformity. Standardized breeds
usually develop within a
structure that may include herd books, individual pedigrees,
breeders association. Most breeds
in the US are of the standardized type and of British, European
or more recent American
origin. Examples are Cleveland Bay horses, Brown Swiss cattle and
Katahdin Hair sheep.
A landrace breed is a product of strong natural selection
with minimal human
selection. They
are well adapted to specific environments and have excellent
reproductive and survival
characteristics, rather than agricultural production
characteristics. Landrace individuals are
often variable in appearance but exhibit a genotypic uniformity.
These breeds have survived
where range laws persisted longest, in the South and West of the
US. Since these areas were
under strong Spanish influence, many of our landrace breeds are
criollo breeds. Examples are
Texas Longhorn, Florida Cracker, Pinewoods cattle; Navajo-Churro
and Gulf Coast Native
sheep; Spanish goats; Spanish Mustang horses.
Feral populations result when animals escape or are released
from human management
and
once again live under natural selection. A few feral populations
in North America have been
isolated for a long time and have come to fit the genetic
definition of a breed. Some of these
feral breeds are being conserved in their natural habitat (in
situ) while others are being
conserved (ex situ) by re-domestication in the hands of
breeders. Two examples of
Spanish
foundation feral breeds are Ossabaw Island swine from one of the
Georgia barrier islands
(in
situ), and Santa Cruz Island sheep from one of the California
Channel Islands (ex
situ).
Conservation categories are based on the estimated number of
breeding males and females and
the number of breeding flocks. Given the vulnerability of poultry
to predators, the number of
flocks is important. Conservation breeding flocks” are those of
50 birds and above.
Critical - Fewer than 500 breeding birds (male and female) in
North America, with five
or
fewer primary breeding flocks.
ALBC provides breed associations with technical support in
establishing bylaws, breed
standards, registry systems, organizing member meetings and
member networks, and
developing newsletters, brochures and other tools to promote the
breeds. ALBC organizes an
annual conference in different parts of the country to present
papers and workshops on breed
conservation. We also provide technical support to breeders with
information about
marketing, husbandry, selection for genetic conservation. Our
web site is increasingly used
by the public to gain information about rare breed conservation
and about individual
breeds.
Direct Conservation: ALBC has established its own gene bank
to preserve genetic
materials of
many of the breeds on the Conservation Priority List. The bank
includes semen from 15
breeds of cattle, 2 breeds of swine and one each of goats and
sheep.
In addition, ALBC has been called upon to rescue genetically
important populations
subject to imminent dispersal or destruction. These have
included the Wilbur Cruces
Spanish Mustangs, Santa Cruz Island sheep, Sweetgrass turkeys,
and Ossabaw Island asses.
Public Education: Bringing the issue of breed conservation
and the need for genetic
diversity in our livestock is an important component of the work
of ALBC. Our membership
is a major conduit for education. Our newsletter and other
publications let our members
know changes in the status of breeds, conservation projects and
how they can be personally
involved as breed stewards.
We also provide public education through a network of sustainable
agriculture groups.
North Americans are discovering many uncounted costs in our
chemical and energy intensive
agriculture. Farmers are desperate to cut costs and increase
economic returns. Many are
rediscovering traditional production systems such as rotational
grazing. They are finding that
these systems often work better with breeds that have not been
selected for high input
productions. While many of the traditional breeds lack the
massive output of modern
livestock strains, they often can produce at a lower cost.
Traditional educational sites such as schools, historic sites,
museums, zoos and nature centers
are excellent locations for appropriate livestock to be housed
and interpreted in programs to
audiences of all ages. These sites can also be important and
valuable sites for conserving
historic but currently uneconomic breeds. The public media is
also a valuable way to inform
the public about the importance of breed conservation or of the
threatened status of a
particular breed.
Conclusion
For more information or to support livestock breed conservation,
contact ALBC at
919-542-5704. Visit their website http://www.albc-usa.org/.
September 14 and 15, 2001
at Warren Wilson College -
Swannanoa, North Carolina
The two day class covers a variety of valuable topics including:
ox driving, selection of
teams, the history of oxen, fitting use of the yoke. Since class
size is limited, early
registration is encouraged.
Scheduled Staff
2001 Oxen Training Workshop Schedule
Friday, September 14, 2001
Saturday, September 15, 2001
For more information please call the American Livestock Breeds
Conservancy office at
919-542-5704 or e-mail at dbixby@albc-usa.org.
press release from the
National Campaign for Sustainable Agriculture
Support for stewardship incentives in Congress marks an important
shift in U.S. agricultural
conservation efforts, emphasizing the environmental benefits
sustainable management of land
under active production can provide. As the bill states, it
would complement existing
conservation programs, and would help achieve a better balance
between Federal payments
supporting conservation on land used for agricultural production
and Federal payments for the
purpose of retiring agricultural land from production. Benefits
provided by good stewardship
of active farmland include clean air and water, improved soils,
restored habitat, and other
public goods. The Conservation Security Act establishes three
tiers of incentives, with the
highest rewards for practices that provide the highest degree of
stewardship. At the top tier,
farmers and ranchers would integrate a variety of practices into
a plan that addresses the
resources of the entire farm.
"Good farm stewardship practices benefit everyone -- improving
the water we drink, the air
we breathe, the quality of the food we eat, and the health of our
nation's ecosystems. The
policy isn't just for farmers. It's for everyone," said Kathy
Lawrence, Executive Director of
the National Campaign for Sustainable Agriculture. "We are
particularly pleased that the bill
contains provisions for outreach to limited resource and socially
disadvantaged farmers and
ranchers not only by government agencies, but by community-based
organizations as well,"
said Lawrence. "This important provision will help ensure that
those farmers and ranchers
who stand to benefit the most from this bill will have access to
the resources it provides."
The National Campaign for Sustainable Agriculture sees the
Conservation Security Act as one
of several reforms needed to address the failings of the 1996
Farm Bill that have weakened
the economic position of family farms and ranches, and cost
taxpayers tens of billions of
dollars in emergency payments. "The Conservation Security Act
will be a breath of fresh air
for family farmers and ranchers striving to develop more
diversified operations. But the next
Farm Bill must also encourage competition and ensure fair market
prices for livestock and
grain to stop the expansion of giant factory farm livestock
operations," said George Naylor, a
farmer from Churdan, Iowa and member of Iowa Citizens for
Community Improvement.
The concept of stewardship incentives in the Conservation
Security Act acknowledges that our
nation's farms are a worthy investment. Tom Trantham, a dairy
farmer in Pelzer, South
Carolina said,
"This legislation gives farmers a solution - financial assistance
for doing good things on the
farm to protect the earth - things that farmers might not
otherwise be able to do because of
cost considerations. This bill will help farmers think beyond
production. Funding to
implement conservation practices on working land will benefit our
communities, our states,
our nation, and ultimately the world."
Beyond soil, water, and wildlife concerns, the Conservation
Security Act also addresses
emerging issues like invasive species, greenhouse gases, air
quality, and preservation of
genetic diversity in food crops.
The National Campaign for Sustainable Agriculture is a national
non-profit organization that
organizes diverse interests including family farm organizations,
environmental groups, social
justice and civil rights advocates, food security and hunger
organizations, wildlife and animal
welfare advocates, faith-based institutions, and farm labor
groups in support of federal policies
that promote an economically viable, socially just,
environmentally sound and humane
agriculture and food system. You can visit their website at
http://www.sustainableagriculture.net/.
The information provided in Plow Sharing is supplied with
the understanding that no
discrimination is intended
If you are interested in having gleaners come to your farm,
contact the Society of St. Andrew
at their toll-free produce recovery line: 1-877-783-3011.
Email: sosanc@endhunger.org
Address: SoSA, PO Box 25081
Durham, NC 27702
Preserving Farm Diversity
to Secure Our Future
* changes in agriculture
Genetically complex traits conserved:
* consumer preferences
* new uses
*genetically based diseases
* local climatic adaptation
* self-sufficiency
* hardiness
* disease resistance
* reproductive efficiency
* serve human cultural needs
Animal Conservation
Plant Conservation
Domestic animals have become dependant on humans for survival.
Many plants don't require human activity to survive.
Conservation best done with live animals and active use.
Conservation best done with live plants and active use but can be
equally effective with
dormant state e.g. seeds.
Genetic material remains viable only under controlled conditions
and can be easily lost.
Fertile seeds can be stored for a year or more and retain
excellent viability (that's how they
were created!)
Transport of genetic material is expensive whether frozen semen
or embryos or as live
animals. The risk of loss is significant.
Transport of genetic material is easy and inexpensive.
Collection of genetic material for long-term storage requires
highly trained technical experts.
Collection of genetic material can easily be learned and done
with little technical expertise.
Storage of genetic material is expensive and requires specialized
facilities.
Storage of genetic material is easy and inexpensive.
Requires land, some facilities and zoning appropriate for
livestock and poultry.
Only a limited amount of land is required - can be done in
containers. No additional facilities
or special zoning is required.
Livestock have long reproductive cycles with few offspring.
Poultry have short reproductive
cycles with many offspring.
Short reproductive cycle with many fertile seeds.
Loss of individual animals can have a huge impact on the genetic
breadth in the breed.
Loss of individual plants or seeds has a limited impact on the
genetic breadth in the breed.
Feral animals are often exterminated.
Feral plants are not often exterminated.
Most species have no wild relatives for genetic diversity
Feral plants are not often exterminated.
Types of breeds
Four breed types are found in North America: industrial stocks,
standardized breeds,
landraces, and feral populations stocks. Each of these types
differs according to its
development, its selection history, the level of uniformity and
the role of human breeders.
Conservation Activities of American Livestock Breeds Conservancy
Research: The first step in any conservation effort is to
identify and quantify the
resources in question. Knowing what we have helps us to
determine where limited
conservation resources should be focused. Until very recently the
United States Department of
Agriculture has not recognized the importance of protecting the
genetic diversity in our
national herds and flocks. As a result, the most important work
of ALBC
continues to be research of breed
populations. Monitoring is continuous with periodic inclusive
censuses. Annual registrations
maintained by breed associations and major breeders of each breed
of livestock are surveyed.
These data are tabulated to measure the breed population as well
as the reproductive and
genetic health of each breed. The results of this analysis are
used to generate an annual
Conservation Priority List (see tables 3 and 4). This list
currently includes more that 100
breeds of livestock and poultry and determines the breeds on
which to focus conservation
efforts.
Critical - fewer than 200 annual North American
registrations and estimated fewer
than 2,000
global population.
Rare - fewer than 1,000 annual North American
registrations and estimated fewer
than 5,000
global population.
Watch - fewer than 2,500 annual North American
registrations and estimated fewer
than
10,000 global population. Also included are breeds with genetic
or numerical concerns or
have a limited geographic distribution.
Study - Breeds that are of genetic interest but lack
definition, genetic or historic
documentation.
Recovering - Breeds which were once listed in one of the
other categories and have
exceeded
Watch category numbers but are still in need of
monitoring.
Species
Critical
Rare
Watch
Study
Recovering
Asses
Poitou
American Mammoth
Jackstock ¹
Miniature Donkeys
Cattle
Canadienne ¹
Devon
Dutch Belted
Florida Cracker
Kerry
Milking Devon¹
Pineywoods¹
Randall Lineback¹
White Park
Ankole-Watusi
Dexter
Red Poll
Ayrshire
Belted Galloway
Galloway
Guernsey
Milking Shorthorn
Highland
Goats
San Clemente(F)¹
Nigerian Dwarf¹
Tennessee Fainting¹
Oberhasli
Spanish¹
Horses
Akhal-Teke
American Cream¹
Caspian
Cleveland Bay
Exmoor
Florida Cracker¹
Mountain Pleasure¹
Spanish Mustang/
Spanish Barb¹
Suffolk
Canadian¹
Dartmoor
Hackney Horse
Lipizzan
Rocky Mountain¹
Clydesdale
Friesian
Gotland
Shire
Belgian
Percheron
Pigs
Gloucestershire Old Spots
Guinea Hog¹
Large Black
Mulefoot¹
Ossabaw Island (F)¹
Red Wattle¹
Saddleback
Hereford¹
Tamworth
Choctaw¹
Sheep
California Variegated
Mutant/Romeldale¹
Hog Island (F)¹
Santa Cruz (F)¹
Cotswold
Jacob (American)¹
Karakul (American)¹
Leicester Longwool
Navajo-Churro¹
St. Croix¹
Tunis¹
Wiltshire Horn
Barbados Blackbelly¹
Dorset Horn
Gulf Coast Native¹
Lincoln
Oxford
Black Welsh Mountain
Katahdin¹
Shetland
Shropshire
Southdown
Rare - Fewer than 1,000 breeding birds in North America with
seven or fewer primary
breeding flocks.
Watch - Fewer than 5,000 breeding birds in North America with
ten or fewer primary
breeding flocks. Also included are breeds which present genetic
or numerical concerns or
have a limited geographic distribution.
Study - Breeds that are of genetic interest but lack
definition, genetic or historic
documentation.
Species
Critical
Rare
Watch
Study
Chickens
Ancona
Delaware ¹
Dominique ¹
Minorca
Java
Jersey Giant¹
Wyandotte¹
Non-industrial Leghorn
Australorp
Non-industria Rock ¹
New Hampshire¹
Rhode Island Red¹
All other breeds
listed as critical by
Society for the
Preservation of Poultry
Antiquities
(SPPA)
Ducks
Ancona
Aylesbury
Magpie
Saxony
Silver Appleyard
Welsh Harlequin
Buff (a.k.a. Orpington)
Cayuga ¹
Runner (a.k.a. Indian Runner)
Campbell
Rouen ²
Swedish
Australian Spotted
Geese
American Buff¹
Pilgrim¹
Pomeranian
Roman
Sebastapol
African³
Chinese
Toulouse4
Shetland
Gray
Turkeys
Beltsville Small
White¹
Buff¹
Black
Narragansett¹
Slate¹
Standard Bronze¹
White Holland¹
White Midget¹
Bourbon Red¹
Royal Palm¹
Broad Breasted Bronze¹
Other color varieties
of standard turkeys
Conservation Support for Breeders and Breed Associations:
Organizing people is a major
element of livestock conservation because what is saved depends
on who is involved, and how
much is saved is depends on how many people are involved.
The industrial stocks will likely be maintained by the
corporations which own them. The
visibility and history of standardized breeds will help to keep
them intact. Both landrace and
feral populations, however, present a great conservation
challenge because they lack economic
value in contemporary agriculture. We know that production
characteristics are rather easily
selected for in a limited period of time. Complex behavioral and
survival characteristics
require much longer and more stringent selection. The landrace
and feral populations,
including may criollo breeds, are often highly and specifically
adapted. Because of this
long-term adaptation they are most likely to carry the divergent
genes we
may need for adapting to a changing environment. Our mission is
to find a place where these
populations can thrive and retain their contribution to the
genetic diversity of the livestock
species.
8:30 AM Welcome to Warren Wilson College
9:00 AM Introduction to Ox Driving
11:30 AM Fit and Dynamics of the Ox Yoke
12:30 PM Lunch
1:30 PM Selecting and Teaming Oxen
2:15 PM Ox Driving
4:30 PM Video - "Basic Training of Oxen"
5:30 PM Slide Show - "Why Oxen?"
8:30 AM Introduction to Training
10:00 AM Ox-Driving
12:30 PM Lunch
1:30 PM Ox Training
2:30 PM Ox Driving
4:00 PM Video-Advanced Training
5:00 PM Question and Answer Session
Note: In the case of extreme heat or rain, the starting time and
order of sessions may be
adjusted.
North Carolina
State A & T State University, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, and local governments cooperating.
and no endorsement by Cooperative
Extension is implied.
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Website created by Debbie Roos, Agricultural Extension Agent.
Posted to the web August 7, 2001 by Paulette Thomas, Secretary II.