1997 North Carolina Cooperative Extension Selected Success Stories Representing the Twenty Cooperative Extension Major Programs

CEMP 01 Aging With Gusto

Senior adults are faced with many changes in their lives due to conditions which affect their livelihood. They are interested in programs that address positive aging in today's complex society.

6 counties in the Northeast District and chaired in Pasquotank County organized an all-day program that provided educational opportunities in areas such as Nutrition, Health, Financial and Legal issues. Exhibitors and speakers provided information to 130 people in their areas of expertise regarding the above issues.

As a result of this program, over 50 percent returned evaluations. Evaluations showed 85 percent increased their knowledge about positive aging. Over 50 percent felt that this type of information would have cost them $200 or more from professional service providers, saving $9,000.00 of senior income.

Overall this program was very successful and evaluations showed a need for a future "Aging With Gusto" extravaganza.

To meet the challenges of teaching clientele ways of making traditional southern foods more heart healthy while maintaining their distinct characteristics and flavors, the family and consumer educator presented an educational program entitled "Simply Southern." 28 participants explored the history of southern cooking, learned ways to make healthy substitutions, and enjoyed a dinner with a heart healthy menu. As a result of the program, 100% of the participants indicated via survey they: learned useful information for lowering fat and sodium in their diet; felt the information was presented in a manner that was easily understood; and felt they knew more about healthy behaviors. 96% indicated they would begin trying to decrease their fat and sodium intake. This program was such a hit it has been requested that it be done on a regular basis.

25 percent of Chowan County's population is 55 and older. Due to the diversity of this growing population, who are mostly retired people who have relocated, their educational needs are varied. Chowan and five other Northeast District counties organized an "Aging with Gusto" educational program. Approximately 130 people attended and were able to take part in educational sessions that focused on wellness, financial, legal and nutrition issues. $3000 from local sponsors defrayed the program expenses. 67 percent (50) of the participants turned in their evaluations, with 88 percent indicating their level of knowledge had increased due to this program. The 67 participants also indicated that they saved $10,250 in professional fees and 80 percent of these felt that they could make better decisions from the information gained from this program that would improve their later years. One person wrote "Interesting informative meeting! Excellent Information!"

The need to address areas of concern to older adults is ever increasing as this population continues to grow. Positive attitudes toward aging are necessary in order to alleviate many misconceptions and to dispell stereotypes. As a result, agents from eight counties planned and presented the Aging With Gusto II Extravaganza which included an exercise program, motivational speakers, and concurrent educational workshops on topics of interest. Approximately 225 persons attended the day long event of which 110 returned evaluations. Seventy seven percent of these reported being motivated to make various changes toward a more healthful lifestyle. Fifty five percent of the respondents reported that they would have expected to pay from $75 up to $200 to a professional service provider for the same information offered during the program. Responses to the evaluation were extremely positive and requests and recommendations were made for future programming.

Rowan County's senior adult population increases yearly, but unfortunately there exist a shortage of suitable houses. In cooperation with other agencies and the home builders, the Cooperative Extension Service demonstrated in educational clinics the How-to's of Affordable Home Ownership and the How-to's of Home Retrofitting to Accommodate Older Adults, during a two-day event. Participants learned financial and debt-load management, home equity pro's and con's, mortgage comparisons plus remodeling and retrofitting techniques to improve the functions and capabilities of the home. The attendance of 350 people showed interest, and participants estimated that their new knowledge and skills will save each of them at least $300 per year. Program participants indicated a desire to expand the clinic subjects in the future in order to continue to learn "what's new in the marketplace".

CES helps 210 senior citizens save $$$ and improve health. "Give Your Heart A Healthy Beat" was a collaborative effort between the Dept. on Aging, WAGES (Wayne Action Group for Economic Solvency- a commuinity action agency), and Wayne Memorial Hospital. The program design consisted of pre and post health screenings, nutrition counseling, heart and stroke education, exercise, and healthy luncheon meals. This program has allowed CES to reach limited resource audiences and those on fixed incomes at a reduced rate which may have been otherwise limited. Services provided in the county by other professionals of equal value would cost $510.00 per person. CES was able to provide the service for about $11.67 each. A net savings of $498.33 each in preventative healthy care costs.

A Healthy Living series was conducted as a cooperative effort with local hospital, home health and health dept., recreation dept. and a physical therapy group. Grant money from the Division of Aging ($2000.00) was used for this project. 140 older adults attended a kick-off (healthy) breakfast. Programs were conducted by each agency at their facility during February. Approximately 42 persons attended Extension's 3 sessions, "Eating For A Lifetime". Ten participants reported changing from whole milk to skim milk. Six persons reported changing their methods of preparing food - using herbs and less fats and salt.

Through the Sr. Citizens Council's leadership, which is coordinated through the Extension Service, we have conducted the SHIIP (Sr. Health Insurance Information Program). SHIIP volunteers have presented programs to 8 different groups and worked with 40 individuals in selecting a supplemental insurance policy and assisted them in making wise choices with their medicare forms. As a result of the volunteers assistance with the 40 individuals, we estimated a savings of $4000.00 for these clients.

With encouragement from the volunteers, seven new SHIIP volunteers have been trained this year. We now have a total of 15 volunteers in the SHIIP program. The volunteers are very enthusiastic and go the extra mile to help others.

To maintain one's ability to walk, stand and keep one's balance oftentimes is directly related to posture. Keeping one's skeletal alignment involves support. Fifty-five women were given the opportunity to understand the role foundation garments have in the alignment of the shoulders and chest area as they relate to support. As a result of the presentation on support foundation garments - 35 women purchased improved foundation garments to assist with better posture.

At an average of $35.00 per foundation garment - $1225.00 was invested in health, wellness and self-esteem.

As one lady said, "standing straight and tall makes one feel better and look better." An inexpensvie way to provide a healthy, energized personal feeling.

ESTATE PLANNING

Estate Planning continues to be a great concern for family members in Pamlico County. Forty-five Estate Planning packets have been distributed to 4 community groups- as a result of the Estate Planning instruments provided. Twenty persons have reported contacting their attorneys for assistance in making plans for their future needs as it relates to health and properties.

In addition the information has been shared with other family members and friends as reported by individuals.

Learning how to speak before a group is a very important skill. During the month of October, 7 pre-teens and 2 teens practiced their public speaking skills during live to tape interviews with local television stations. Participation in these interviews helped young people to gain self-confidence as well as self-presentation skills.

Parents are their children's first teachers and major source of support and encouragement. Limited resource parents need access to skills and resources to help them create conditions in the home environment which promote the development of healthy, resilient children.

The North Carolina Coopertive Extension Service in cooperation with the Family Resource Center and Child Care Resource and Referral sponsored a 6 weeks parenting class "Parents Helping Children" for limited resource families. Participants gained knowledge and skills in the areas of helping their children grow physically, mentally, healthy, socially, emotionally, communicating values and learning discipline. They identified positive comments about values, discipline and learning how to have patience. As a result, 8 participants have a better understanding of ways to help their children develop their potential. The participants reported that this class has taught them how to become better parents and they are interested in more Extension educational programs.

Senior citizens are faced with growing needs as the aging population continues to grow. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service along with the Albemarle Hospital sponsored "Aging with Gusto". "Aging with Gusto" is an educational program that deals with a variety of issues facing seniors. The evaluations showed that after attending the sessions, 47 participants said they will begin exercising, 37 understood Medicare better, 48 said they would reduce the risk factors associated with strokes, 40 will review or make an estate plan and 52 will pay more attention to food labels. Over 91 seniors said that this information would have cost them over $75.00. The charge was $5.00 per person, at a savings of over $6,000.00

155 Adults attended Estate Planning Seminars held at the Stanly County Center. A follow-up questionnaire was sent to 106 households approximately 9 months following the seminar. 31 responses were received. Of those responding, 7 participants wrote or revised their will since attending the seminar. Other results include; 16 - discussed plans with family, 11 - reviewed present will, 8 - have sought professional assistance, 18 - reviewed and estimated the value of their estate, 12 - reviewed how property ownership is titled, and 11 - improved family records systems. From the responses that we received, the seminars provided information and answered questions for participants so that they could take further actions in their estate plans.

Out of the need for affordable, accessible housing for older adults, Rowan County has established two additional housing complexes. The Cooperative Extension Service was invited to address "Moving On--What to Take with You". Exhibits and programs focused on living in small spaces, household organization, updating estate plans, etc. Complex managers, staff and 63 potential and new residents gave excellent program evaluations, with 87% of the persons being a new Extension audience. 61 responses indicated knowledge gained that would make the transition smoother with less stress, while selling household goods would increase their savings.

Follow up programs on Health Care Directives continued to stress estate planning, and respondents shared plan updates and group discussed possible future programming.

In Combination with Family and Consumer Science Agents in four Counties and Professional Estate planners, held a series of Estate Planning Seminars called "Save The Family Farm." Both Spouses were both invited and involved. 230 people learned the latest tax information and how to legally transfer up to $1.2 Million to their heirs tax free. Follow up interviews were held with those interested with about one fifth making a change improving their estate plans. Having both spouses involved and utilizing the resources of and audiences of Family and Consumer Science Agents along with the Agricultural Agents audiences helped make this successful.

Faced with medical bills beyond her means, one Person County resident has turned to the volunteer SHIIP (Seniors Health Insurance Information Program) Program co-ordinated through the local Extension office and Council on Aging for help. Armmed with records organized into a notebook by the SHIIP volunteer, she and the patient visited the medical facility to question a total of $1700 worth of billings they felt were in error. The medical facility agreed with them and as a result of the volunteer's time and efforts, one happy lady has been spared $1700 in excess medical charges.

"Feel Good About Yourself" a program for women over 50 that emphased low fat or light meals - hair styles that flatter and make-up for the older skin types. Twenty people attended. Thirteen have reported changing some food preparation habits. 4 have reported loosing a total of 24 lbs. - 6 have new hair styles and take more time with their appearanace.

Influenza is the fifth leading cause of death in Pitt Co. among people age 65-84. For those 85 and older, it is the fourth leading cause of death. Between 1991 and 1995, 132 Seniors in Pitt Co. died from influenza.

On October 19, 1997 Pitt Co. held "Senior Vaccination Sunday". The N.C. Cooperative Extension Service-Pitt Co. Center was one of 12 area organizations which co-sponsored the event for individuals 65 and over. Five sites provided influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations. A total of 858 vaccinations were provided county wide. At the site co-hosted by Cooperative Extension, 396 flu and 125 pneumonia vaccines were provided to 404 seniors.

CEMP 02 Agriculture adn Natural Resource Policy

In February 1997 approximately 300 people attended the Moore county Board Commissioners because of a conflict between landowners, and deerhunters who hunted with dogs. The commissioners asked that a committe be appointed and requested Extension to provide leadership. The charge to the committe was to develop an action plan:whereby deer hunters can continue to hunt with dogs in Moore County and observe the wishes of those landowners who prefer no hunting with dogs on their property. The committe was organized with representation from all groups. Game Wardens were contacted to discuss the type of legislation needed to address the problems in the county. Legislation from other counties were reviewed.Two facilitators were secured from the"Natural Resource Leadership Institue". Seventy persons from the different groups were involved in developing rules to be presented to County Commissioners. Most people were very satisfied with the process and outcome.

Extension cooperated with the Wayne County Young Farmers Organization and N.C.S.U. specialists to conduct a workshop to explain proposed Neuse River Nutrient Sensitive Waters Management Strategies and their potential impact on local citizens. As a result, sixty citizens increased thier understanding of the proposal, and some fifteen issued public comment on the proposed rules, either verbally at a public hearing or in writing.

The addition of a Farm Land Preservation Ordinance to the Madison County Zoning Laws culminated almost a full year's involvement by Extension and other related agencies with interested farm leaders, and county officials. 5 agricultural districts cover the farm land in the county, and is expected to provide for the continuation of production agriculture in the rural areas of Madison county in the 21st century.

The need to protect farmland was identified 10 years ago by the Durham County Commissioners and various county committees. Numerous attempts to develop a protection program failed for various reasons,chief among them an effective organization to staff the Farmland Board. Once Extension stepped forward to perform the task, results began. A Voluntary Agricultural Districts Ordinance was created and adopted. An awareness campaign including attractive signs for District members and mass media reports was initiated. Sixteen Ag Districts consisting of 1420 acres were voluntarily protected from non-farm development as a result of Extension's leadership efforts in 1997. Durham County leads the state in Voluntary Ag Districts. It is quickly moving towards offering incentive-based measures to protect more farmland, but more importantly, to assist farmers who wish to continue farming in the face of intense development pressure.

CEMP 03 Agriculture adn the Environment

On April 30 th, 1997 we held a Pesticide Disposal Collection Program at a Nash County Environmental site. We were very pleased with the response for Pesticide Disposal Assistance. There were more than 288 products with a weight of over 4,275 lbs. collected that day. The public response was great with many more wanting a repeat of this program as soon as possible.

Three dairy farmers recently installed new waste handling facilities cooperating and consulting with the Extension Service and Natural Resources Conservation Service personel in order to meet Department of Health and Natural Resources-Division of Water Quality regulations. Besides preventing potential dishcahrge fines and environmental contamination, these three farmers have increased the fertilizer value of the waste generated by their cows. With their previous waste handling methods, nutrients leached out of the stacked material over the typical year storage period, thus decreasing plant available nutrients when manure was applied to crops. The old method also required approximately 80 labor hours for hauling and spreading manure yearly. Calculating labor savings and increased fertilizer nutrients only - not adding averted fines from DEHNR - these three farmers saved in excess of $2000 each.

The Caldwell Extension Center is in the second year of the pesticide container recycling program. This year we were able to receive a grant for $2500 to help educate our producers. We held two educational programs, meet with comodity groups, and involved the program in recertification meetings to promote the program. As of June 15th, we have already recycled 350 containers which is a 66% increase from last year at this point. We save the county around $15/sq foot of trash giving us a savings of $5200.

I encouraged one grower in particular to try strip-tillage for cotton. This grower who had to replant 200 acres of cotton in 1996 and many acres in years past, did not have to replant any in 1997. By utilizing this system on his sandy soils which are prone to sandblasting of cotton seedlings on windy spring days his cotton emerged and was not killed by the wind. This represents a minimum savings of $15.00/acre in replanting costs. Potentially he may have had to replant his entire 800 acre crop with the heavy winds during the 97 spring and with the potential loss of yield from late cotton the savings could be even more. At a minimum, I believe switching to strip-till has saved him at least $12,000 from reduced trips, less soil loss and not having to replant.

An opportunity was given Henderson County pesticide applicators to properly dispose of unwanted pesticides. Through a coopertive effort with NCDA several applicators were able to dispose of 3,125 pounds of unwanted pesticides. We were able to donate over 600 pounds to certified pesticide applicators. This program saved Henderson County Pesticide Owners approximately $25,000. Also saved producers hundreds of dollars on donated product. This event demonstrated environmentally concious pesticide applicators. Extension Agents Tom Butzler, Bumcombe County and Mark Lancaster, Henderson County also helped with this effort.

The Jackson County staff is currently assisting Jackson Paper Manufacturing Company with approving wood ash produced at the plant for land application. Jackson Paper burns wood chips to create steam and power needed for the production of corrugated cardboard. Jackson Paper Currently produces over 1000 tons of ash per year in the process. This ash is currently being placed in a landfill, which will be closing in 1998. Extension staff assisted the plant's Solid Waste Manager in obtaining approval of the ash as a lime substitute through assisting with NCDA testing and writing BMP plan for land application. Currently we are in the process of placing test plots throughout the county to show the effectiveness of wood ash compared to traditional agricultural lime. This product will provide farmers a low cost alternative while saving valuable landfill space.

Tobacco Plant Production Saved

Tobacco plants are almost exclusively grown in greenhouses in Lenoir County. While viewing production systems in numerous houses, a number were found with significant disease and nutrient problems present. After a careful review of all production practices and suitable alterations implemented, all aflected houses produced usable plants. Since there was no alternative plant production, each usable plant saved the farmer the replacement cost of that plant or acre of plants. The houses in question represented about 10% of our crop (valued at 3.6 million dollars). The value for plants saved (disease managed) is over $70,000.

In March of 1997, 80%of the 90 individuals who took the pesticide applicators training and test passed their test. This allowed them to begin new businesses, continue in business, in a legal manner. There are a number of ways to interpret the success of this one school - 72 people received their certification, 72 people are now able to be employed as pesticide applicators at an average salary of approximately $20,000 which equals 1.44 million dollars of personal income.

Science Fair Projects: Water quality, groundwater, wastewater, and ways to prevent pollution are very important topics throughout North Carolina. Two Onslow County students requested NCCES information for their Science Fair projects; one on animal waste treatment, one on soil types. The student who did the soils project received a 100% on both her oral presentation and her display. She also won the 3rd place award for her school area and went on to regional competition. Her mother was very proud and related that her daughter "gained a true understanding about soils." The young lady's interest in soils is continuing, and she is already thinking about what she can do next year.

Sludge buildup in swine lagoons is becoming a distinct problem. The sludge contains large amounts of phosphorus, copper, zinc, and other compounds that make it difficult to find suitable areas for land application. A manufacturer of a bacterial product that digests sludge arranged, through the Animal & Poultry Waste Management Center (APWMC), to have their product tested at a Beulaville swine facility.

APWMC, Extension, and other cooperating agencies began the project in August, 1996. The farm owner was very cooperative during the project, and has been quite pleased with the results. Between September 1996 and May 1997, sludge depth in the lagoon decreased from 3.5 feet to 1.1 feet. Conventional sludge removal through pumping would have cost the farmer more than $30,000.00 to obtain the same amount of benefit.

Because of the very favorable results from this project, 12 more projects are to be initiated in North Carolina.

104 landscape maintenance personnel from 6 counties learned integrated pest management techniques at the 1997 Pitt County Trufgrass Workshop. Insect, disease, and weed management. Those attending also learn how to operate mowers and string trimmers safely. Participants were evaluated to determine those in the industry using soil testing, IPM, slow relese fertilizers, and certifications. One participant said, "this was a very informative meeting....ranks at the top as far as efffectiveness...best I have been to in years.

The Robeson County Center arranged for a pesticide disposal day for residents of the county in cooperation with NCDA. The site for collection, signs and publicity were arranged by the Extension Service. As a result of these efforts, 125 chemicals weighing 1250 pounds were removed from residents homes. These chemicals were in very old containers and many were already leaking. Furthermore, children could have gotten into these dangerous chemicals and perhaps died from pesticide poisoning.

A pesticide recycling program was started in 1995 as a result of a $10,000 grant from the NCDA. Roll off containers were purchased as well as pressure rinse nozzles. The first year of this program 2500 pesticide containers were recycled. This year over 5000 pesticide containers were recycled, a 100% increase in the number of containers. This has saved valuable landfill space.

Twenty-five volunteers and the Wayne County Solid Waste Department cooperated with CES to organize and manage a plastic pesticide container recycling program in early 1997. Farmers deposited and the group inspected 3824 HDPE-2 containers. A Texas firm picked up and ground the containers in May.

Tobacco farmers that utilize conductivity meters in Wilson County to monitor fertility levels in transplant float water were using the meters improperly. There was a misconception that the meters reading was in parts per million (ppm), while it was actually reading in mmhos/cm. Conductivity meters were also not being calibrated for proper readings. These errors could lead to under or over fertilizer levels in the float water.

An extension effort to address this problem was made. Southern States of Wilson networked with extension on this effort by donating the conducitity standard solution to calibrate meters with. Thirty-seven farmers attended a tobacco greenhouse meeting. As a result, 15 conducity meters were calibrated. These producers utilized meters correctly and fertilized accordingly. This prevented any under-fertilized transplants as well as any over-fertilization that would have ultimately end up in the environment.

As a result of our educational programs on Water Quality, 48 individuals have become involved with water quality issues in the South Fork of the Catawba River. Of these 48 people, six are piloting a storm drain stenciling project and eight are piloting a state program called River-Friendly Farmer that I recommended to Specialist, Ron Sheffield, who received funding for the program. Our greatest success has been education of other agencies regarding Water Quality. An interagency coalition headed by our local Soil Conservation Board is seeking a $500,000 grant to purchase 230 acres of farmland upstream from the City Water Plant. The site will be managed for wetlands, timber production, wildlife habitat, and farmland. The impetus for this was Extension's work regarding Water Quality on the South Fork of the Catawba River.

Livestock producers have continued to have difficulty in calculating nitogen balance based on waste analysis and liquid effluent applied to cropland. Two workshops were held in the spring to teach producers how to improve their ability in this area. Notebooks were prepared and assembled which had the necessary forms, information, etc. for records, samples, plans, data, and maps. Over 90 producers either attended the workshops and/or received the notebook with individual consultation.

Producers reported that the workshops and especially the notebooks would help them do a better job in keeping necessary records required in livestock waste regulations. At the same time, this increase in knowledge has helped growers do a better job of nitrogen application on crops receiving livestock waste, thus protecting the environment and improving crop production.

Through an evaluation of 1996 cotton weed species and 1997 potential cotton herbicide management systems, Extension assisted a Jones County cotton producer in proper herbicide selection. While not compromising weed control, the cotton producer revealed that Extension saved him $10,000 due to this exercise.

Cooperative Extension Agent worked extensively with 34 local farmers gathering and compiling evidence and documentation of the losses to the local tobacco crop in September 1996. This documentation was compiled and presented in litigation testimony with crop insurance companies in the spring of 1997 to establish the loss that occurred. As a result of this documentation all 34 farmers won their litigations and were awarded insurance claims in the amount of an average of 38 percent loss in their production. With an average production of 75 acres, this netted each farmer an average settlement of $107,922 or $3,669,332 for the 34 farmers. All have said that they would not have won had it been for Extension documentation and help in compiling the data.

A total of 72 local farmers and agri-business people participated in four pesticide recertification programs offered locally by Cooperative Extension. As a result of their participation local farmers and agri-business people report a reduction of an average of one application of pesticides, resulting in a savings of approximately $190,000 countywide. The county landfill has also reported a savings of about $14,400 as a result of fewer pesticide containers being recycled.

Silent hazards exist at many farming operations and households in the form of forgotten, unused, and unwanted pesticides. These pesticides are a burden to growers because of environmental hazards and legal responsibilities associated with the storage of the products and the age of the declining containers. The North Carolina Department of Agriculture operates a Pesticide Disposal Program to collect excess pesticides on a regional basis. A collecton day was held on April 30, 1997 in Nash County, where Edgecombe County participated with Nash County to collect 288 pesticide products with a weight of 4,275 pounds. Seven growers from Edgecombe County participated in the program to remove these potential hazards.

To increase the collection of acceptably prepared farm plastic pesticide for recycling, I applied for and received a grant in the amount of $1357.75 from the Pesticide Environmental Trust Fund Grant program conducted by NCDA. These funds have been used to purchase pressure rinse nozzeles, which have been distributed to 30 farmers and the three commercial custom pesticide applicators located in the county. Approximately 300 plastic pesticide containers have been collected at this time.

Cleveland County's only commercial swine producer lacked sufficient acreage of tall fescue to handle the lagoon waste generated by his 500 sow farrow-to-finish enterprise. Greg Traywick assisted the producer in establishing 35 acres of hybrid bermudagrass using no-till planting technology. After participating in Extension waste management training and being certified, the producer began irrigating the site with lagoon liquid-- meeting the provisions of his waste management plan. During a Forage Field Day held at the swine farm, local beef cattlemen gained knowledge on the value of warm season perennials, and are beginning to plant hybrid bermudagrass on their farms to expand their forage base.

Maintaining environmental quality by using low input farming practices is a goal of farm families. Reduction of pesticide use and nutrient management are the primary emphasis for an educational program for the 400 field crop producers in Jones County. These farmers are learning farming practices to protect the environment by not over fertilizing, controlling erosion and controlling pesticide use and controlling pesticide runoff to water supplies. These same farmers are acquiring knowledge on recycling and implementing recycling of pesticide containers, pesticide use management and proper pesticide disposal. Also, these same farmers are recycling as many farm materials as possible such as oil, bags, and other items that can be recycled. 200 farmers have been trained in the proper use of pesticides.

To help maintain water quality in the White Oak River Basin and the Neuse River Basin,

Extension has promoted Best Management Practices (BMPs). Local citizens and government are increasingly aware of the value of maintaining the quality of natural resources in the county.

A local volunteer committee has been formed and are called the Jones County Quality of Natural Resource Alliance to examine the state of natural resources found in the county, have a general understanding of what influences the quality of those natural resources, review environmental concerns of the citizens, and make informed recommendations to the Board of Commissioners and the County Manager on how to protect and enhance our environment. These volunteers make up or represent different stakeholders or interest who's goal is to have a consensus on any issue that may

Our cotton scouting program is one of few that quantifies population of beneficials. Five producers are involved, one third of our acreage. We have become confident in "stretching" thresholds if beneficials are prevalent, reducing application of insecticides. Fields are treated on a by field basis due to trends program has demonstrated. For 1996 crop 1 in 3 acres were treated in season. For 1997, late Aug, less than 5 percent of acreage has been treated. To my knowledge, based on conversations with farmers and consultants, we are the only area in NC not automatically assuming cotton needs to be sprayed. I feel other areas could realize similar progress. Chester and York County, SC farmers attend winter meetings, receive newsletters and report similar successes. I estimate cumulative buildup of beneficials has reduced use of insecticides 50 percent on 1000 acres involved in program, saving producers $10 per acre, preventing unnecessary

insecticide use.

IPM & Fruit Quality - Trap monitoring to record and publish the population dynamics of four common pests was maintained in four cooperating orchards in Lincoln and Cleveland Counties from late March to late September of 1997. A weather station was also added this season to record daily weather data for the Maryblight fireblight detection program. Estimated savings on four 10 acre blocks valued at $2,000 each. Overall pesticide use reduction estimated at 15 percent.

Two growers saved 800 and 1000 gallons fuel by planting no-till as well as saving labor, time, soil and wear on equipment. A 900 gallon average fuel saving and 18 growers planting no-till there is a saving of $16200. Also, the wheat yield winner planted no-till. After the hurricanes no-till planted corn was standing 80 percent better allowing quicker harvest and higher yields. No-till acreage will continue to increase as farmers learn to manage a new method of production. be examined by the alliances.

Area poultry farmers, company representatives and third party applicators attending a total of 7 Extension sponsored meetings united in an organized effort to address their concerns with the initial interpretation of SB 1217 as it related to poultry dry litter systems. As a direct result of this organized effort and addressing the InterAgency Committee, the interpretation of this bill was changed and/or ammended. This positive changes will impact the entire poultry industry utilizing dry litter systems.

The Duplin County Extension Center cooperated with the Magnolia Partners in Agriculture Project to improve agricultural sustainability in Magnolia. During 1997, the Duplin County Extension Center conducted a tobacco scouting project in the Magnolia. $7,600 in grant funds were obtained to finance the project. 500 acres of tobacco were monitored on a weekly schedule for 15 weeks. Growers were notified weekly of pest levels in their tobacco fields and were educated on when to make remedial pesticide applications based on economic thresholds. All participating growers were able to avoid insecticide applications for budworms early in the season. This saved an average of $15.50 per acre on 500 acres of tobacco. The value of the service plus the insecticide savings alone come to a value of $15,350. Growers indicated additional benefits of the project from such as disease maps, weed maps, and increased yields from timely management.

A Duplin County tobacco producer requested information on proper nematode sampling techniques for tobacco. He noticed some root galling the previous growing season and wished to obtain information about his nematode populations. Upon receiving assay results from NCDA Agronomic Division the grower was assisted with nematode management strategies for moderate levels of Root-Knot nematodes.

By acquiring a nematode sample this grower was able to save $130 per acre on 15 acres by not treating for nematodes. This comes to $1,950 saved on fumigants. Additionally, the

grower was assisted with calibration of his fumigant applicator and saved 2 gallons of fumigant per acre. This resulted in an additional $390 saved. This grower saved $2,320 on fumigant costs and also improved yields through improved nematode control.

"Water Conservation - A Clear Picture" A tour was jointly sponsored by the Currituck County Center and Currituck Soil and Water. Its purpose was to make the public aware of water quality programs being conducted in Currituck. The targeted audience was government officials, community leaders and interested citizens. Sites viewed included the following: housing development utilizing detention ponds and water control structures for managing stormwater runoff, water monitoring program and buffer strips, EPA-DWQ 319 project utilizing a constructed wetlands and water control structures to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff from agricultural lands, long term no-till, and a septage application site managed according to a nutrient management plan. The tour group was comprised of representatives of county government officials from two counties, the farming community and interested citizens. A statement taken from one of the participant's evaluations said, "Brought forth information that can be very useful in my personal situation.

July 24, 1997 was a very rainy and windy day for many Wake County tobacco growers. The remains of Hurricane Danny drenched the area and blew much tobacco down throughout the day. Growers started calling me that night and the next morning asking for assistance in setting the crop back up. Calls were placed to the Governor's office asking for Emergency Declaration. Late Friday afternoon, approval was given for Inmate Assistance programs for tobacco farmers. From Saturday morning thru the following Friday, 143 inmates and guards worked for 5984 hours to assist 23 Wake County growers in setting up over 500 acres of tobacco. The labor savings for Wake County growers was

over $30,000.

North Caroliina Senate Bill l2l7 made swine waste application records mandatory for the state's producers. Many swine producers needed assistance in establishing and maintaining a records program that would comply with North Carolina's Division of Water Quality. We developed a mail-in computer program to assist swine producers with this effort. The program is ongoing; and to date, we have enrolled 38 farms on the system. The cost to these farms if on a private or commercial program would be apporixmately $l,400 per farm per year. Our program cost is $l20 per farm per year which results in a savings of approximatley $l,280 per farm. This is a total savings of $45,000 per year for these 38 farms compared to many of the commercial services being offered. Our plans are to increase the number of producers to l00 said one county commissioner.

Recertified 176 Private Pesticide Applicators through six two hour classes that included training on pesticide drift control, protecting mixing and loading sites and calibration. Farmers and other applicators are taking special precautions to reduce off-target effects of pesticides as a result. Eight and a half hour of licensed recertification credit for dealers and ground applicators was conducted in the county. Fewer cases of pesticide drift were reported this year.

Several swine lagoon projects, regarding a bacterial product marketed by Martin Marietta, were initiated in August: two in Sampson Co., one in Duplin Co., and one in Onslow Co. The Onslow Co. site is a lagoon closure that is being administered through the Soil and Water Conservation District. The others are being administered through the Animal & Poultry Waste Management Center. Extension agents from the respective counties are working in cooperation with these agencies and NCDA. Information gained from these projects will help determine the ability of the product to reduce lagoon sludge volume without land application. Each of the four farms has the potential of gaining a benefit in excess of $30,000, which would have been required for the sludge to be removed by pumping and land application. This does not include the environmental benefit gained by not applying the phosphorus, copper, and zinc found in the sludge itself.

Forty-six dairy producers attended the 10 hour Animal Waste Operator Training sessions held in Newton, Shelby, and Lincolnton. One hundred percent of eligible dairies sent at least one operator. Two dairy producers who cannot read attended the training even though they sent literate family members, and stated they did so in order to better manage the waste on their farms. Forty-one dairy producers from the 43 who took the examination passed and received their certificates. Pass rate of dairy producers attending the trainings was 95%.

In the course of a visit to talk about a waste utilization plan, a swine farm manager realized that one of the farm's irrigation pulls had been within 100 feet of a well. As a result of this visit, future applications will be moved to at least 100 feet away, thus averting future water quality violations and ground water pollution.

A Lincoln County liner nursery experienced two especially challenging pest problems (fungus gnats and broad mites) in 1997 that posed a significant threat to their profitability. A combined effort of the local agent, Plant Disease and Insect Clinic, and the entomology specialist at N.C. State led to the accurate identification of these problems and appropriate control recommendations. The nurseryman instituted control measures which made these problems more manageable and reduced the level of economic loss. It is estimated that by using the control recommendations for broad mites, the nurseryman was able to achieve $10,000 in sales over what he would have realized had the recommendations not been followed. The knowledge he has gained this year will lead to reduced losses from these pests in the future.

No-till and minimum-till cotton. Problems with wind and sand injury on cotton in the spring has resulted in educational programs on reduced tillage farming methods. Acres of reduced tillage has increased from 500 to 20,000 in 1997. Most farmers are strip tilling, using hooded sprayers and never cultivating the cotton. Educational programs and farm visits have assisted farmers in equipment selection adjustments, along with herbicide selection and rates. Results have been the use of less herbicides, reduced tillage trips, savings on land preparation time in the spring, reduced cultivations, better weed control, increase in organic matter and better stands with no wind damage. All these have resulted in a $487,500 savings to Bertie County farmers.

Beef, Horse and Dairy producers in Forsyth County need to understand and take advantage fo the fact that there is a value to allowing livestock to graze pasture and deposit nutrients back on fields rather than pile it in a barn or other area. Cooperative Extension took on an effort in 1997 to reemphasis this fact to producers, especially horse producers. Many equine medical and digestie problems are traced to lack of exercise due to stalling, this problem is coupled with the problem of manure being stockpiled in or near barns and nutients being removed from the pasture rather than reapplied. Educational programs including a production field day, reins education workshop and production meetings focused on pasture management and nutrient management. This effort helped producers realize the true value both for forage production and nutrient value of more than $300,000.00 in 1997 alone.

Lee County farmers generate roughly 5,000 pesticide containers annually. In a 1996 survey of 37 area farmers, 75% admitted burning or burying containers illegally on their farms. In April, 1997, Lee County Extension Staff obtained $9,932 from the North Carolina Department of Agriculture for a recycling facility. These funds also provided nozzles, for farmers to pressure rinse containers, and staff for the facility. From April 23 to October 29, 1,700 containers were collected. SCT Environmental, Inc. accepted 98.4% of the containers, which were ground for use in pallets or new containers. This first year of container recycling was a successful cooperation between the Extension Service, NCDA, Lee County Public Works, and area farmers.

Two chrysanthemum growers, one of whom had never attempted a crop, and the other who had had foliar diseases, produced profitable crops in 1997 with help from NCCES. Both were encouraged to use drip irrigation to lessen the risk to bacterial leafspots and to reduce nutrient runoff. The experienced grower, who had previously used a fungicide with no activity against bacteria, was advised to switch to a copper compound, and achieved excellent control with fewer sprays. The new grower completely avoided disease based on well-timed, environmentally-friendly copper sprays. Fertility management was adjusted using foliar tissue analysis taken early in the crop cycle. These two growers grossed $7000 on the 2000 mums grown.

A new pumpkin grower had failed to produce a crop in 1996, because of diseases, insects, poor pollination, and poor fertility management. Pestides were used, but pests weren't controlled, because sprays were applied after pests had caused the damage. This year, he consulted extension beforehand. Lime was applied according to test recommendations. Honeybees were located near the crop to provide pollination, and Asana, a bee-friendly pesticide, was was applied in late afternoons only when needed to control squash vine borers and squash bugs. Downy mildews were prevented by a timely application of Bravo. This grower produced and sold over 600 pumpkins worth $1300, and intends to increase production next year.

Over the last few years, the wild honeybee population in Richmond County has been drastically reduced due to mite infestations. Many of the commercial vegetable and fruit producers in the county must now rely on domesticated honey bees for crop pollination. Unfortunately, many of these producers are forced to rent bees from neighboring counties because of the lack of beekeepers in Richmond County. In an effort to boost the number of beekeepers in Richmond County, the Richmond County Extension Center hosted a free Beginner Beekeeping Course in the fall of 1997. The course was highly successful with average attendance of 30 for each of the four classes. Many of those attending had no previous beekeeping experience and plan to start their own apiary in the spring. A participants from the 1996 beginner beekeeping course has built his apiary to the point he can now rent hives to local producers.

Poultry litter management is an increasingly important issue for broiler producers. Supplemental protein is a major expense for beef producers in feeding programs for growing calves. Cooperative Extension designed an educational program attended by 40 poultry, beef and dairy producers to familiarize them with technologies related to this subject. These producers learned about waste regulations, writing nutrient plans, nutrient content and feed value of litter, stockpiling and using litter in rations, and mineral supplementation programs for litter rations. As a result of this program, one producer has begun stockpiling litter for sale and one beef and one dairy producer have begun feeding litter. Savings on the protein supplementation program for one of these farms is over $18,000. When used correctly as a fertilizer source, the nitrogen and phosphorus content of the litter produced locally is valued at $180,000.

Farmers, agribusinesses, and the Feed Grains Advisory Committee indicated that a New Technology Workshop was needed in order to understand benefits and opportunities of planting genetically engineered crops. A Biotechnology workshop was held which specifically dealt with how to boost efficiency and increase profits by using new technology, determining the value of new technology, safety of biotechnology, and moving biotechnology from the laboratory to the marketplace. As a result, 700 producers used genetically engineered cotton and soybeans as part of their IPM program to reduce pesticide use, protect the environment, and as a strategy to reduce hard to control weeds and insects on over 40 percent of Johnston County's acreage. The high yielding, genetically engineered varieties reduced production costs 10 percent and increased profitability $1.3 million. One agribusiness has begun implementing a precision farming program and hired an additional full time employee.

Disposal of cancelled, banned, old, or unwanted pesticides is a growing problem in Johnston County. Increasingly more farmers are retiring and leaving the farm to their spouse and children. In addition to inheriting the land, most also inherit storage areas with pesticides which the new owners have no use for. The Agricultural Program Committee identified this as a major problem in which Extension should address. With cooperation from local agribusinesses and NCDA, a Pesticide Disposal Day was conducted resulting in 8,575 pounds of unneeded pesticides being collected from 54 participants. This program legally removed and disposed of pesticide products from farms and homes which were posing a threat to human and animal safety as well as the environment. One participant's response was that just having "Peace Of Mind" and knowing the pesticides were now in a safe place was worth as much as the farm.

With the cooperation of Northampton County farmers, over 30,000 plastic containers have been cleaned and recycled in the pesticide container recylcing program. Northampton Cooperative Extension has been instrumental in educating producers and arranging the recylcing and pick-up. However, the program's sucess also became a potential problem in 1997, as the avaiable container storage became inadequate. Northampton Extension called a meeting of the program's citizen advisory group which came up with a solution. Boone's Farm Supply, a local agribusiness, donated a 40 foot trailer to ensure the program's continued success.

Keeping up with new waste management regulations and protecting the environment have become major issues for our swine producers in NC. The NCCES plays a big role in helping producers stay abreast of current and new regulations and best management practices. During a farm visit a swine producer asked me to look over his waste application records. In doing so I discovered an error in his method of calculating the amount of Nitrogen he was applying. Rather than applying 2 lbs N/acre, he was actually applying 20 lbs N/acre each time he sprayed. Finding and correcting this error before he overapplied nitrogen, will allow him to avoid a Notice of Violation and a possible $5,000 fine from DWQ as well as prevent possible harm to the environment.

Environmental legislation has directly affected poultry producers that use dry litter waste systems. Guidelines were provided to assist producers in complying with the regulations. Penalties for non-compliance can be as high as $10000 per day. This workshop was conducted by The North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, with cooperation with other county agents and specialist, to assist area producers with understanding the regulations and means of complying with these regulations. Although the workshop was not mandatory, approximately 55 area producers (3 from Vance & Warren) attended the workshop and were provided the knowledge, record keeping systems and other tools necessary for complying with the 0200 rules and Senate Bill 1217. As a result, 2 poultry operations in Vance and Warren Counties have utilized the record keeping materials provided, saved thousands of dollars in fines and improved water quality by reducing nutrient levels entering surface waters.

The North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service taught over 800 school age youth and teachers in Vance and Warren Counties about agriculture and the environment. Participants learned the relationship between agricultural practices and water quality as well as the impact that they have on water quality and the environment in their daily life.

Educational efforts were also made with 5 County officials and 150 non-farm public about policies and information about benefits of waste management. These efforts were accomplished by environmental field days, field trips, the classroom and at meetings. According to surveys received at meetings, 94 percent indicated that they learned new concepts or gained a better understanding about the waste regulations or waste management. 88 percent said that they would be able to apply the information learned.

The problem facing Caldwell County Pesticide users was the proper disposal of pesticide containers that would be environmentally friendly and save the county money in disposal cost. In our second year of the recycling program, we recycled 2500 containers which represents 400% more than last years containers recycled. Using a figure of $15/square foot to dispose of waste in Caldwell County, we have saved the county $37,500 in disposal cost.

Nurseries will have to comply with proposed Neuse River Basin rules by August 1998. As a result, Wight Nurseries of NC contacted NCCES, Lenoir County Center to obtain all information on rules and guidelines for establishing 100% containment and reuse of water on site. After several visits by Extension Agent and Specialists and DWQ, they built the nursery to catch water into a water retention basin which will protect adjacent wetlands and allow reuse of water.

With no educational event available to the landscape industry in SE NC, the Landscape Management Conference was held for the third consecutive year focusing on the overall theme of "Landscaping to Protect Water Quality." Agents from five counties collaborated to organize, conduct and evaluate this educational event. The 151 green industrists that participated on February 28, 1997 indicated on their evaluations that this was THE best learning experience for them. Furthermore, they said this was information they could use in their businesses for more profitability by reducing costs of inputs on their jobs by knowing best BMP's to use.

Through a collaborative program with the Wayne County Solid Waste Department, seven pesticide applicator certification/recertification classes, two newsletters, a recycling training workshop, and the efforts of fifty-three volunteers, 284 Wayne County applicators were certified or recertified and farmers recycled 4847 plastic containers.

Using newsletters, radio spots, newspaper articles, field visits, phone calls, and dealer contacts, Extension informed Wayne County cotton producers of scouting results and insect pheromone count data collected by three volunteers throughout the summer. As a result, local cotton producers sprayed for bollworms one time less than expected, saving approximately $144,000, and applying 900 fewer pounds of insecticide.

The owner of a two acre recreational pond had tried several unsuccessful means of controlling an aquatic weed. She contacted Cooperative Extension regarding a pond management article written for the local paper by one of the Extension agents. The extension agent visited the pond, identified the weed, and recommended a herbicide for control. The owner applied the herbicide, which cost nearly $1000.00. For the first time in five years, the pond is clear of weeds and is suitable for the recreation the owner desired.

A significant need existed among the Fraser fir growers in Jackson and Swain counties to decrease their application rates of phosphorous due to high levels of P205 in the soil. Traditionally growers have applied Diammonium phosphate(18-46-0) year after year as a source of nitrogen and phosphorous for their trees without soil sampling throughout the rotation. Education efforts were made in meetings, newsletters and one on one visits to take soil and tissue samples for proper nutrient management on their farms. As a result over 27,200 lbs of P205 was reduced in soil application saving the participating growers .75 cents per bag using 34-0-0 as opposed to 18-46-0. Their trees are healthier with better vigor, color, density and uniformity increasing their grading standard and thus their sale price. In addition any potential environment damage due to the excess of P205 was eliminated.

Ten apple growers participated in an apple pest alert system which involved an automated calling system when pest infestations were found. These growers were alerted to two fire blight infections, three scab infections and three codling moth infestations. As a result these growers were able to pinpoint pesticide spray applications to more efficiently use pesticide sprays.

In response to current legislation (NCPL 1971) requiring all persons who use restricted use pesticides to be trained in pesticide BMP's, educational programs were conducted to recertify 238 applicators. Participants learned principles of Integrated Pest Management and how to interpret pesticide labels to protect worker health and the environment. Proper application methods and disposition of pesticide containers was emphasized. Participants indicated that they learned pesticide compliance procedures and worker protection standard requirements that will save each of them $500.00 or a total of $119,000.00.

Estimates indicate that Ashe County farmers and other residents generate over 10,000 plastic containers each year. All pesticide users need to handle and dispose of pesticide containers in a manner that will be safe to them and the environment.

A grant awarded in 1996 provided $7,262.00 to purchase collection containers and implement an educational program to recycle plastic pesticide containers. During the year, solid waste site managers and pesticide applicators received training on the proper method for cleaning and disposing of empty pesticide containers. Instruction was given on the methods of triple rinsing and pressure rinsing and participants encouraged to recycle their cleaned plastic pesticide containers. Department of Environmental Services in Ashe County reports that 60 cubic yards or approximately 4360 pesticide containers were collected for recycling during 1997.

Water quality in Kiser Branch was degraded by high levels of nutrients, pathogens, and sediment from a dairy farm. The farmer agreed to cooperate with Extension to install best management practices (BMPs). BMPs installed included fencing to exclude cows from the Branch, alternative watering systems, streambank stabilization, riparian buffers, animal waste management systems, and mattresses. Extension teamed with Gaston Conservation District, USDA-Natural Resources Conservation District, and the N.C. Forest Service to install the BMPs. Improvements in water quality have been documented via biological, chemical, and hydrologic monitoring. Total kjeldahl nitrogen concentrations have decreased downstream of the farmstead. Similar decreases in total phosphorus and total suspended solids have occurred. Fecal coliform and streptococci bacteria levels have decreased about ten fold. The BMPs appear to be working.

A livestock producer wanted to do rotational grazing with limited land and only one water source in one corner of his pasture plus the cattle and sheep on his farm were eroding away the stream banks where they were entering and exiting to get water.

As an alternative watering source, Cooperative Extension worked with this producer to find a pasture pump that the animals could use to pump water to the other pastures, thus allowing rotational grazing and getting the livestock away from the creek and allowing the stream banks to revegetate.

This producer was extremely pleased with the system and the fact that he could provide water to his livestock without electricity, thus allowing rotational grazing on limited land.

Approximately 180,000 plastic pesticide containers are disposed illegally each year in Robeson County. The illegal methods for container disposal are burning, piling in the woods, or taking to a landfill.

A pesticide grant for $3,747 was awarded to Robeson County to develop a program to train growers to triple or pressure rinse empty pesticide containers. Growers were also urged to recycle these containers.

To collect the containers for recycling, five sites were chosen around the county which were convenient for the growers. Five people were trained to monitor the sites and separate any unclean containers. Two dates were chosen to collect containers at the sites. The results were that 24,000 clean containers were collected and recycled. This far exceeded the previous year where only 7,200 were collected.

Further, only 2 percent of the containers were rejected as unclean. Representatives of the recycling company were amazed at the low rejection rate.

The North Carolina Department of Agriculture provided a grant to the county from their Environmental Trust Fund. These funds were used to provide farmers with pressure rinsing devices to properly clean pesticide containers. Addtitionally a trailer to collect the containers was purchased to provide a more convenient system to manage container collection. The results of this system has led to an increase in container collections from 2,700 in 1996 to 7,100 in 1997.

21 farmers converted more than 600 acres of marginal land from row crop production to permanent pasture. This reduced erosion by as much as 900 tons per year. Farmers also realized additional income from the conversion.

Upon completion of waste operator training, two operators required additional instruction. One had marginal reading and math skills, after 35 hours of tutoring, passed the exam on the first try. The second producer failed the exam on the first try and subsequintly requested assistance. English is his second language, technical vocabulary was unfamiliar and difficult to comprehend. He received 40 hours of assistance. Although a considerable amount of time was spent with each individual, these producers are a real accomplishment. Completely discouraged and ready to give up, I was able to give them the skills and confidence they needed to understand the new regulations, pass the waste operators exam and ultimately stay in business.

CEMP Animal Production and marketing Systems

A farmer requested help with a ration due to a drop in milk and reproductive problems. Based on the history and the appearance of the animals, I suspected mycotoxins. Feed samples were taken and analysed at the Constable Forage Lab. A high level of one mycotoxin in particular was found: 2487 ppm of DON. The farmer was already feeding a sodium bentonite but cows were still off feed, low on milk and unthrifty looking. I recommended adding buffered propionic acid and activated charcoal to the diet in combination with the bentonite and gave the correct proportions to the farmer. He implemented the recommendations immediately, and within two days was seeing improvement in both feed intake and milk production. Increased milk production of 600 pounds daily occurred with a monetary value of $90 per day, minus $3 per day cost of implementing control measures, for a total fiscal gain of $87 dollars

Producers who seeded fungus free fescue 3-4 years back had a problem with thin stands. Reseeding by broadcasting would require 20-30 lbs. of seed per acre. Producers did not have access to a no-till drill which would only require 10-15 lbs per acre. Most producers have farms too small to warrent hireing a custom applicator to interseed. Extension coordinated the pooling of acreage and assisted with arrangements for a custom driller to no-till approximately 450 acres of forages for 25 producers at a cost of $16-$20 per acre. Savings in seed cost (@$1.38/lb) equaled $20.70 per acre or a total of $9315.00. An extension presentation to Farm Bureau resulted in their subsidising producer-members $10.00/acre on seeding cost resulting in an additional savings of $4200.00. A future increase of 1 ton per improved acre of hay(@$100/ton) results in an increase of $45.000/year (450x$100 )

The Beaufort County Extension office conducted a three week livestock nutrient management series. The 25 producers in this class were new clientele. Their knowledge of this subject was at the basic level. The series covered topics such as basic nutrients, how to read a feed tag, balancing rations and how to determine an animals requirements. The participants in the class indicated on the evaluation form that they had learned several things such as how to interpret the information on feed tag, how to put a ration together from different products and what their animals needed for maintanance requirements. As a result series several on farm visits were made to fine tune the information to the specific farm. One producer change his ration and saved $500 per year for his own operation but also made a better product for his clientele which resulted in increase income. Local System: perquima
Person Reporting: Jeff Copeland

The northeastern area wool pool is one of only three held annually in N.C. A joint effort of CES, NCDA, and sheep producers, this year's pool held in Chowan County covered an area from Virginia Beach, Va. to Raleigh, N.C. The CES personnel conducting the pool were Gerda Rhodes, Dale Miller, Richard Lichtenwalner, and myself. It would be impossible for producers to market their small amounts of wool individually. (The average payment would be less than $100 per farmer.) The bottom line results were that 44 sheep producers, many of which are small or part-time farmers gained market accessibility for 9,066 pounds of wool worth $4200.

Traditional marketing of cattle allows for little benefit to the producer that has put hard work into improving the cattle he produces. When a cattle producer had to suddenly find a way to market cattle that had been improved through genetics and health management, the Extension service was asked to help determine a better way to market those than the traditional weekly sale. Through networking with other state and national cattle organizations, the producer was able to market the entire herd. This method of marketing allowed them reap the benefits of their improved management, and received over $40,000 more than if the cattle had been marketed in the traditional manner.

With the declining cattle prices over the previous three years, stocker cattle producers were having an increasingly difficult time making a profit.

A stocker cattle management school was conducted to address issues related to profitability that included nutrition, marketing, business and tax managment, grading, and purchasing.

85% of the program participants were experienced stocker operators while 15% were beginners. A pre and post-test was given to measure the knowledge gained. Post-test scores showed a 25% improvement. Paticipants were asked to rate the program on a scale of 1 - 10 with 10 being the highest rating of satisfaction. The average rating was 9.2.

Paticipants gained knowledge and skills that will assist them in making a profit. One producer reported the knowledge gained would save him approximately $1000 dollars in feed cost alone.

In response to the growing rabies epidemic and Equine Encephalomyelitis in North Carolina, the five county REINS volunteer group, had two days of rabies vaccinations and Coggins testing at reduced rates. These dates were well publicised and marketed. It was our intentions to increase the publics understanding of these problems in our communities and to get people vaccinating and testing correctly. The group brought in Veterinarians from the area who were well known for helping horse owners in the area. Over 70 horses were vaccinated for rabies and over 100 horses had a Coggins test.

State graded sales are promoted by Extension as a means of improving returns to cattle producers over normal marketing methods. Producers were taught of this method of marketing through county cattle meetings, newsletters, and news media. Over 40 cattle producers benefited from marketing cattle at the Ayden graded sale as 608 calves were sold. This method of marketing cattle returned an additional $16,800 to producers.

Two-way television has been a method of educating horse owners in Pitt County for a number of years. This year 105 horse owners increased their knowledge of horse production by attending one of the five seminars offered during May. Evaluation of participants indicated they had gained worthwhile information from the seminars. One participant responded that she obtained information that would save her $2500.

Fingerling hybrid striped bass are reared at three hatcheries in this area. When first hatched, the larval fish are counted prior to sale or when placed in nursery ponds for growth to fingerlings. To date, counting the 3mm long fish has been both difficult and inaccurate. This spring, one hatchery has followed the advice of this office and rented an electronic larval counter. This device has been measured to be 98% accurate as opposed to the +/- 35% accuracy using traditional methods. Savings due to accurately measuring larvae will exceed at least $25,000.

Three area dairymen were experiencing problems with herd health and dramatic losses in milk production. All three reported suspicions that their cows were being subjected to low levels of electrical shock thus causing these problems. After Extension on- farm tests were made, stay voltage from the primary source (the power pole) was determined to be the problem. CES contacted the local power companies and networked with them to get this stray voltage properly ground. The result for one of these farms was an immediate increase in milk production to the tune of 500 lbs of milk/day, translating into roughly $2,635/month increase gross on this farmer's milk check. All 3 dairymen reported significant improvements in overall herd health and decreased cases of intramammary infections. As a result, Dairy Herd Improvement Association records reveal increased milk production and decreased somatic cell counts on all 3 farms.

I coordinated the Wilkes Area Stocker Sale which is a cooperative effort involving the CES, N.C. Cattlemen's Association, NCDA and Kilby's Livestock Market. Forty-four cattlemen from Wilkes and six surrounding counties participated. This sale is designed to commingle feeder cattle and group them in large uniform lots in an attempt to command a price premium over other marketing channels, i.e. weekly auctions.

In summary, this sale returned consignors $25,000 over weekly auction prices. Other lessons this sale demonstrated to cattlemen are genetic selection regarding frame size, muscling, breed and breed combinations as well as nutrition and management practices that the CES addresses in its educational programs. This sale not only benefited consignors with small herds but had a price setting trend that magnified the profitability to a much greater extent.

The livestock program in Wilson County has a strong emphasis on youth. The Annual 4-H Livestock Show and Sale is an example of the success of the Wilson County Livestock program. The Wilson County Livestock Show and Sale is more than just an animal show. In 1997, 52 youth were involved in this program. These youth had to attend a preset number of meetings and maintained detailed records of their expenses and incomes. Participants were also encouraged to interact with local business owners and members of the Chamber of Commerce. In addition, to learning valuable life skills, the participants in this program received more than $90,000 for their efforts.

A catfish farmer recently purchased land to be used for the development of an additional small catfish farm. This person bought the farm without checking into use restrictions that might apply to the property in question. When I was asked to comment on the layout of the property, I asked if any of the land would fit into the "wetlands" classification used by the U.S Corps of Engineers. The farmer had not had the land checked. At my request, the farmer called the Corps and the land was found to contain over 30 percent wetlands. By not developing the wetland area, the farmer saved over $75,000 in anticipated fines.

In response to two dairymen who were experiencing similar problems of lowered milk production, unhealthy cows, and death of three cows, I began working with them to solve the problems. After feed analyses of all feeds and necropsies of the dead animals through the diagnostic lab, we determined they both had feeds which were high in mycotoxins. After working with them on feed rations and making recommendations on practices which could reduce mycotoxins in the feeds, they began to see an increase in milk production of 4 pounds/cow/day for both herds. This increase in milk production added up to approximately $10,500. The overall health of the cows was much improved.

One farmer and his wife; after attending the DairyWise workshops, had to make a very important decision on their farm whether to purchase bred heifers which were about to calve to get increased milk production or not. They went through the decision making methods which were taught in the DairyWise workshops and came to the ultimate conclusion of not to purchase heifers. Sitting down and going through a very detailed decision making process without making spur of the moment decision to purchase saved them approximately $45,000.

On July 26, 1997 an area Piedmont North Carolina 2nd Annual Meat Goat Field Day was conducted in Person County with over 125 people in attendance from North Carolina and Virginia. Participants learned about artificial insemination with meat goats to improve genetics and working livestock with less stress on livestock by using registered Border Collies. Several participants show an interest in both educational topics. Several participants stated afterwards that they learned alot and would like me to come to work in their counties. A participant from Jackson Springs, North Carolina said, "This event was one of the most organized and informative field days he had been to. It seems that you are definitely doing a good job up here." Two participants were able to adopt artificial insemination which will save them at least $1,000 per participant per year.

Many Cleveland County beef farms are infested with musk thistle, a noxious weed that restricts grazability of pastures and reduces property values. Greg Traywick has been working with NCDA to implement the Musk Thistle Biocontrol Project, which uses insect predators instead of herbicides to achieve long-term weed control. Four (4) landowners reported a 75 percent reduction on musk thistle infestation on 665 acres after three years in the program. The resultling 20 percent pasture yield increase equates to 400 tons of added forage valued at $16,000. Corresponding property value increase, estimated at $75 per acre, totals $49,875.

A dairy farmer contemplating waste storage options, followed extension agent recommendations to install a dry manure storage facility instead of a slurry system. Cost share money through the Natural Resources Conservation Service would have partially covered cost of construction and equipment necessary for either system. However, because of farm layout and distance to fields to receive waste, the farmer's financial contribution in a slurry system would have been $5000 to $7000 higher than in the dry manure system. Therefore, by consulting with the Extension service and following our recommendations, this farmer saved not only the $5000 to $7000 added cost, but also saved the cost of interest on that money as he would have needed to borrow those funds.

The owner of a large horse boarding and training facility reported an estimated savings of $200 per horse per year in feeding costs because of knowledge gained by attending a county seminar conducted by an extension agent and an extension specialist. The seminar focused on efficient use of pasture and feed resources including the importance of feed and forage testing. With 50 horses in his barn, this stable owner's savings add up to $5000 for the 6 month reporting system.

A dairy farmer using two natural service bulls for breeding cows in his milking herd, was experiencing an extremely high percentage (>95%) of bull calves being born to one of the bulls. Knowing such phenomenon was possible, but wanting to adopt a "wait and see" approach, he continued to keep this bull in hopes that the bull:heifer ratio would even out. After examining a breakdown of costs associated with a bull producing only bull calves, which was provided by his extension agent, the farmer immediately sold the bull to slaughter. After using this bull for six months, the farmer would have needed to purchase 12 replacements to maintain milking herd numbers at his current culling rate. With a $500 difference between cost of purchase and cost to raise heifers (subtracting the revenue generated from the sale of bull calves) this farmer would have spent $5375 on a replacements.

Cattle bring more when sold in truck load lots. For the last 3 years, the Sampson County Cooperative Extension Service has conducted and promoted such a marketing program. This year 22 loads were sold. These loads averaged approximately 65 head per load with an average weight of 750 pounds per head. When comparing truck load prices with graded sale prices held during the same time period, truck loads yielded a $3 to $5.75 per l00 weight advantage for the same weight and type of cattle sold at a graded sale. A conservative advantage of $4 per l00 weight is very reasonable. Based on these facts, the 22 loads of cattle brought over $49,000 more than they would have if sold through a graded sale. This is a considerable premium over weekly auctions as well.

As a result of participating in the NC Certified Beef Production Program, an Onslow County beef cattle producer adopted the practices of vaccinating his entire herd and weaning and bunk-breaking calves prior to sale. He also decided to continue castrating and implanting male calves and deworming the entire herd. These management practices resulted in greatly increased value of 15 calves sold due to increased weaning weights. Because of his increased knowledge of marketing options, he sold these calves at a graded feeder calf sale rather than at a weekly auction. This marketing decision resulted in an increased price of $24 per calf compared to sale at a weekly auction.

Total monetary value to one Onslow County producer for cattle management practices carried out as a result of NCCBP participation was $1,449.30 extra value for 15 calves sold.

Two years ago a pilot dairy management program for farm couples was conducted in response to producer requests. The program spent half of its time focusing on farm management and half on family issues connected with farm issues. One such issue was making time to spend with your spouse. This issue was important to every couple in attendance, as they are greatly concerned with the rising rate of divorce among young dairy farmers. Divorce often leads to the loss of the farm due to financial and personal problems. The guest speaker was another dairy farm couple who shared with the attendees how they have successfully managed to juggle farm and family commitments. One farmer who was very skeptical at the time of the program told me last week that he and his wife have successfully implemented the techniques presented in the program 2 years ago, and they both feel it has saved their marriage.

Worked with Mr Frank Kornegay in Rose Hill regarding pasture layout, selection of forage species and cattle production. With Extension's guidance, Mr. Kornegay established 10 acres of Fescue and planted Tifton 9 Bahiagrass at my recomendations due to the dark, wet nature of his soil (unsuitable for Bermudagrass). Because he only had 10 acres of cool season pasture & little hay available, we reduced his herd from 25 cow/calf pairs to 10. As a result, hay costs over the summer were reduced from $3,940 to $1,580. A savings of $2,360. Once his Bahiagrass is established, his pastures should sustain his cattle approximately 9 months out of the year, thus reducing his hay needs and creating a more sustainable business.

Beef cattle production revolves around the ability to use forage in the most efficient manner year round. Working with a local producer, a grazing study was done regarding summer annual forages. The project resulted in a savings of $1,250 for the producer. Through the use of creep grazing the producer realized an increased weaning weight on calves. This gave an average return of $15 per head, as compared to the use of traditional pastures during the summer. Thus, the producer realized an increased return of $450 on the calves that were allowed to creep graze in this trial. In addition, information was gained as to forages best suited for Rowan county production under grazing situations.

Even the top dairy herds in the state have reproductive management problems. To address these problems in Rowan County, Extension networked with all of the local large-animal veterinarians to have a "Dairy Reproductive Physiology Program". Live bovine reproductive tracts were brought in for producers to examine and learn from. Artificial Insemination procedures were reviewed and demonstrated. Forty eight dairymen/employees attended. As a result 4 Rowan Dairy Farms that previously relied on bulls for impregnating cows now inseminate artificially. All producers agreed that the immediate impact of not having potentially dangerous animals (bulls) on the farm is negligible compared to the overall increase in genetic pool and eventual milk production of the animals in the long run. All 4 producers have expressed benefits of knowing exact breeding/calving dates in terms of saving time and money.

The 1997 Southeastern NC Hay Directory, a collaborative effort of Agricultural Extension Agents, was produced to provide concise, reliable information on hay production and its use in animal feeding. The publication also includes a listing of 32 forage producers in 11 counties with 14,688 tons of hay for sale. 300 copies of this directory were distributed and the Internet version of the publication was accessed 390 times. One producer was contacted by a potential buyer from New York who had seen the directory on the Internet. Another producer reported selling 45 tons of hay within 2 weeks as a result of being listed in the directory. Several producers have adopted the practice of sampling hay for chemical analysis as a result of information in the directory. It has also served as a marketing tool for the Cooperative Extension Service by introducing new audiences to the organization.

A livestock/forage producer consulted the Cooperative Extension Service in Onslow County when considering beginning a business enterprise to custom harvest forage as haylage. This method had not been previously practiced in the area. The agent, utilizing Extension Specialists in the Animal Science and Crop Science departments at NCSU, provided current information to help the client in decision-making. He obtained a contract with a large swine integrator to custom bale haylage on all of the company owned farms, and harvested 7,850 bales of haylage in 1997. The client reported the net revenue from haylage production was $1,465.55 per day as compared to $403.37 per day for traditional haymaking. The client also reported that information obtained through NCCES had contributed to the success of this enterprise. These parties are currently involved in a research project that will address practical questions related to haylage production in Southeastern NC.

One textile mill in Harnett County generates 2,600 bales of cotton waste annually. This short fiber cotton is undesirable commercially. The waste was going directly to the landfill taking valuable space and was costing $30/ton for disposal. As a result of research at NCSU the company learned that the waste could be utilized as a cattle feed. The bales have about the same nutrient content of average hay grown in the area. The mill gives the bales to local producers who feed it to their cattle. This program saves valuable landfill space, saves the farmers $15 per bale (2,600 bales)= $39,000, saves the mill $30/ton (650 tons)= $19,500 and provides an environmentally sound disposal method. This self sufficient program with a total economic impact of $58,000 is a perfect example of how research based information provided by the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service makes a difference in peoples lives.

The Regional Equine Information Network System (REINS) uses trained volunteers to plan and conduct educational programs for beginning to intermediate level horse owners on a multi-county basis. The volunteers also assist local Extension Agents on problem solving farm visits and, in some cases, are capable of making farm visits on their own. The volunteers in Region 1 volunteered 247 hours of time, valued at $2,470 to Extension, and saved horse owners $14,525 in expenses or other losses in the last six months of 1997.

Beef producers can often improve the profitability of their operations by evaluating the cost per pound of nutrirents and taking advantage of the best feed buy. Six local producers received assistance from Extension in evaluating feeding programs for weaned calves. These producers fed 37 tons of a locally available by-product (wheat midds) to weaned calves at a savings of $60 per ton ($2,220 total savings) over the cost of a conventional feeding program. Compared to bagged feed prices, these 6 producers saved approximately $3,700 with this feeding program. These producers are now sharing this information with other farmers who are evaluating their feeding programs.

A local cotton yarn spinning mill was spending $37.50 per ton to dispose of cotton dust and fiber in the county landfill. The waste material was tested and found to be an excellent feed to maintain brood cows through the winter. A beef producer was located very near by to minimize tranportation costs and the mill and the farmer agreed to work together. The farmer picked up approx. 1 ton per week. This saved the mill $1950.00 per year. The waste was substatuted for hay in the feeding program. The producer used less hay for the winter and reported saving over $4000.00 in hay costs. A field day was held where 12 producers learned to use by-products as feed for cattle.

A Commercial Trout Production Web Site was developed early in 1997. In summary, the web site received 6,684 hits from 1/2/97 - 12/17/97. I received E-mail and phone calls from numerous states and the countries of South Africa, Australia, Mexico, Norway, Chile, and others. Several extension specialists from this and other states have provided compliments and have used the information in the web site. The site is currently receiving 30-40 hits per day and averaged 19.7 hits per day for the year. This has been/is an excellent vehicle to market NCCES and the Commercial Trout Production Program.

Beef Producers from Haywood and Western North Carolina traditionally receive less than market value for their feeder calves. This is due to sickness and a higher death loss resulting from selling calves just weaned from their dams. A feeder calf pre-conditioning program including weaning, vaccinating, and feeding for 30 days, was initiated to increase the value of calves marketed. In 1997 seventeen Haywood beef producers participated in two pre-conditioned sales. These sales are sponsored by the Extension Service, the local livestock market, and supported by feed and animal health suppliers. The calves gained an average of 60 additional pounds during the pre-conditioning period and sold at a 5 cent advantage over traditional marketing programs. The additional price bonus and increased gain brought those seventeen farmers approximately $38,180.00 additional income at a cost of $10,120.00 for a net return of $28,060 for their effort.

In 1997, 8 volunteers from Stokes, Surry, Davie, Forsyth, Alleghany, Ashe and Wilkes were trained and certified as Regional Equine Information Networking System (REINS). They have had intensive training in the following areas: nutrition, reproduction, business management, health care,w aste management and facility design. They assisted with a farm safety day wwhere participants learned the principles and benfits of care and safety with animals, machinery, and chemicals.

Three volunteers have made presentations to over 85 horse owners. Two volunteers have assisted and made presentations with trail riding associations. They are in the process of planning a statewide meeting with expectations of 300 in attendance and a Emergency Management Disaster training.

As a result of these educational efforts, horse producers have increased awareness in the areas of forage management, nutritional and health management.

Goat production is on the rise both locally and nationally; however, reliable information about goats has traditionally been hard to obtain. Research based information is very scarce compared to other livestock species, and has required extensive searching to find. In response to this unmet need, the Lenoir County Goat Information Links Page was developed. With well over 200 links to educational pages, this page provides a centralized location to access production information for all types of goats. Response to this page has been tremendous. In a seven month period, 5521 hits have been recorded and several e-mail messages received. One web-user writes, "I have been surfing the net for over a year; and much of that time researching goats. This is one of the very best Ag. Web Pages that I have visited. Nice Job! I'm sure, I'll be visiting often."

Nitrates in hay have been a problem for cattle producers, hay growers, and horse owners this fall in Pitt Count. Extension's education and consultation with these clients plus sampling of hay has allowed use of hay with moderate nitrate levels that otherwise may have been destroyed. About $16,000 worth of hay has or is being utilized without adversely affecting animal performance.

NCSU Poultry Science Extension Specialists have led the evaluation of organic sources of trace minerals in comparison with traditional inorganic sources for poultry diets. Organic sources of zinc, copper and manganese are biologically more active and nutritionally more available than inorganic sources. Consequently, poultry feeds contain- ing organic sources of minerals result in lower emission in the feces. Research has also shown that zinc- methionine, a popular organic form of zinc, can improve growth rate, livability, and immune function in poultry. It also enhances macrophage function, the animals first line of defense against pathogens. Several turkey and broiler integrators have used these results to change their nutrition programs to improve general flock health. Over 20% of turkey and broiler producers have adopted the use of zinc-methionine or some other form of zinc in the feed to improve flock health and to reduce carcass downgrading, with estimated savings of over $1 million/yr.

Rapid egg cooling utilizing cryogenic gases has been developed by NCSU Poultry and Food Science Extension to reduce proliferation of organisms present on or in the egg at the time of processing. Preliminary results from this NCSU technology, being developed with Praxair,indicate that eggs can be cooled from 100 F to 45 F in 2 to 6 minutes. Traditional processing requires 7 to 10 days to cool to 45 F. During this time, Salmonella enteritidis can proliferate, and egg quality deteriorates. It is expected that rapid egg cooling will significantly decrease Salmonella outbreaks sourced to eggs. A large industrial scale field test of this technology is currently being completed.

In addition to improving food safety, rapidly cooled eggs have an increased shelf life of 6 weeks versus 4 weeks for conventionally cooled eggs. Thus rapidly cooled eggs could be sold at a premium estimated at $15 million/yr for the U.S. market.

In the face of Poult Enteritis Mortality Syndrome or PEMS and turkey corona virus inections in NC turkey flocks, it became apparent that basic disease prevention strategies were either not being employed or they were failing to prevent the spread of these diseases. NCSU Poultry Extension and NCSU College of Vet. Med. faculty developed a plan for dealing with all infectious transmissable diseases, which was implemented prior to the 1997 PEMS season. The program primarily involved monitoring of the various management practices that were actually being employed. By doing so, it was hoped to better define the critical control points for disease prevention in turkey flocks. This allowed specific practices to be targeted which could minimize the introduc- tion of infectious diseases. This program contributed to a reduction of severe PEMS cases from 77 during 1996 to less than 15 for 1997. Other diseases also decreased and production performance improved.

Based on applied research by NCSU Poultry Science Extension, most NC integrated turkey companies have adopted the practice of feeding higher levels of vitamin E in turkey poult diets to improve early disease resistance. Preliminary field results indicate that 100 IU of vitamin E/Kg of feed reduces 14-day mortality by approximately 1.5 percent. If adopted by all NC turkey growers, this practice has the potential of resulting in a savings of $1.2 million/yr. Older turkeys fed high dietary levels of vitamin E produced meat with improved water holding capacity and longer shelf life. Therefore, several NC turkey and broiler producers have begun feeding higher levels of vitamin E in their finishing diets to improve meat quality. Although it is difficult to estimate the true economic impact of this change, the improved meat quality and shelf-life received provides insurance against potential consumer complaints.

Applied research by NCSU Poultry Science Extension has shown that early chick mortality of Bobwhite quail can be greatly reduced by the feeding of a probiotic, a harmless naturally occurring bacterium, which competitively excludes pathogenic organisms from the quail's intestinal tract. Over 200 producers who raise over 6 million Bobwhite quail are currently using the probiotic tested. Since each quail chick is valued at 50 cents, and most producers have experienced about a 10 percent increase in livability during the first two weeks of life, this change has resulted in decreased losses of approximately $300,000 to these producers.

Based on these results, the Southern State's Cooperative has developed gamebird and ratite feeds containing the probiotic. As a result, their specialty feed sales have increased by approximately 17 percent.

According to provisions in N.C. Senate Bill 1217, NC poultry producers are required to develop and follow nutrient management plans that result in the quality of litter being applied not exceeding the nitrogen needs of the crops being grown. NCSU Cooperative Extension Specialists and NCCES County Agents, in cooperation with the NC Poultry Industry, cooperating state agency personnel and other collaborators, have developed an educational workshop on Dry Litter Management that will eventually reach nearly 4,000 poultry producers in NC. Educational materials (including a notebook)have been developed for each participant. Since the program is voluntary, the $25,000 of educational material costs associated with the workshop have been provided by the NC Poultry Industry. Approximately 40% of NC producers were trained prior to the end of 1997, with a goal of having all producers trained by the end of the summer of 1998.

Two years ago one beef producer in Caswell County was having problems losing heifers and calves. Calf losses in his herd exceeded 50 percent for first calf heifers and heifer losses of 20 percent. This was a tremendous financial loss for this producer plus the traumatic experience of having to deal with downed heifers or heifers that had to be rehabilitated due to calving difficulty.

After attending a program on Heat Synchronization and using AI to breed heifers to low birth weight bulls that were known easy calvers then his first calf heifer program turned around completely.

The last two years and in particular 1997, his calving percent for first calf heifers exceeded 90 percent with no assists and no dead heifers. This was a tremendous turn around from three years ago.

In 1998 this producer will again synchronize his first calf heifers and breed to low birth weight EPD bulls.

The Youth Livestock Show & Sale allowed youth to learn about livestock production, nutrition, record keeping, showmanship, and financial matters as they relate to a livestock project. The youth also learned about work ethics, responsiblity and discipline. The program involved staff members, twenty families, 130 businesses, community leaders, fair board, NCDA, & other agencies and produced over $20,000 in donations to the program. There were over 800 volunteer hours provided by the twelve member advisory committee.

On March 21, 1998 a Sheep and Goat Workshop was held at the Celebrity Dairy in Siler City with 100 producers in attendance. This five hour workshop consisted of programs concerning nutrition, vaccination and deworming and forage mangement. A live animal demonstation was also held. Post evaluation surveys given to those attending inicated the 99% found the workshop to be useful or very useful. Following the workshop in surveys of local agri-business, the trend was seen that the local agri-businesses that sell sheep and goat supplies were experiencing a 120% increase in sales over the same period one year ago. The agri-business managers are giving credit for this increase in sales to the Sheep and Goat Workshop.

County and area poultry Extension agents, and poultry Extension specialists from several NCSU CALS Departments worked with other researchers, integrator personnel and turkey growers to reduce production losses caused by disease exposure. Monitoring and educational programs were developed in order to combat Poult Enteritis and Mortality Syndrome (PEMS) which resulted in growers implementing disease prevention and control measures. Educational efforts focused on "why" biosecurity is important in disease prevention. Monitoring efforts centered on the presence and control of human traffic and pests in and around the poultry facilities. This initiative, along with other changes in production schemes, is credited with reductions in cases of PEMS and other diseases. Four turkey companies were involved and all reported improvements in disease control and bird performance. One company reported medication cost savings of 0.6 cents per pound. With production of over 350 million lbs., that's an annual savings of over $2.1 million.

The upland wild gamebird industry is estimated to produce annually $20 million of income in North Carolina. Gamebird producers, and specifically Bobwhite quail producers, have been experiencing approximately 20 percent mortality during the first two weeks of the life of their flocks, which results in large financial losses. Poultry Science Extension faculty conducted several field studies to determine if the supplement of a Probiotic or Direct-fed Microbial in the feed could improve the livability of Bobwhite quail chicks. The microbes provided in the supplement colonize the gut and thereby prevent gut colonization by bacterial pathogens. Based on the success of those DFM field trials over 200 growers, producing approximately 6 million quail annually, are currently using the DFM supplement. A reduction in the mortality rate of about 10 percent has been observed, and with each quail valued at $.50, the estimated annual savings to these producers is approximately $300,000.

Traditional rendering of animal mortality into meat meal eliminates the environmental risk with burial, but the high transport cost and the biosecurity risk associated with daily farm-to-farm pickup has previously prevented its widespread use. NCSU scientists have developed a method of grinding and preserving mortalities, either through lactic acid preservation or by the addition of phosphoric acid. These procedures destroy pathogens present in the ground materials, and they allow short and/or long-term storage of the material on the farm without spoilage, thereby allowing pick up on an infrequent basis. This technology is currently being installed on contract farms in NC, MO, AR, GA and MD. By the Spring of 1999, it is estimated that at least 10,000 tons of acid preserved mortalities will have been processed into value-added feed products. A group of integrated poultry and swine producers estimate this will save them $2 million annually in mortality transport costs.

CEMP 05 Child Care

In the month of January, in Forsyth County 4-H/AmeriCorps afterschool program, we taught about personal hygiene,to children who are 4th&5th graders at our sites. One little girl at Green Street was so excited about learning about her body, that she took her deodorant, shampoo, and personal hygiene samples to school the next day to show her teacher. This resulted in her school nurse aide calling me to find out how to start a program about personal hygiene at their school for 5th graders. She stated that the young lady was very excited about the programs in 4-H. Tonya Barkley was the AmeriCorps member who made such an impression on this child about keeping her body clean. We will continue to do exciting things in 4-H in Forsyth County.

In collaboration with the local housing authority,a grant was secured to train public housing youth as babysitters.By having certified sitters in the community,residents could attend programs/meetings without having to locate child care(a complaint often used by residents) Seven of eleven youth graduated & were certified eligible to receive payment for babysitting services.Youth attended 29 hours of instruction by 9 resource people teaching a variety of subjects.Two parents attending graduation stated"this program has really helped my childs' self-esteem" & "my girls really talk about what they learned". The Babysitters Circle(logo on t-shirts,certificates,& tote bags) are interested in meeting monthly to study more child care topics.

In response to the need of computer training for preschoolers, the Extension Center in swain county provides kids in all of the daycares, a day a week to learn more about the computer. The teachers have said that these children have improved their motor skills and have increased their knowledge of math and science. One hundred and sixteen children have participated since January 1, 1997.

Quality child care provides youth opportunities to build positive relationships with adults, to develop a sense of community, and to grow as individuals. These opportunities are provided through 4-H clubs organized in after-school care sites in Iredell County. One such club has begun a garden at their school. They are involved in preparing the ground, planting, and caring for the plants. The members are working in the garden to learn about the growth of plants, as well as the production of food crops. The members plan to donate the produce raised to local charitable groups including the homeless shelter and soup kitchen.

The licensed summer program for school-age children which began in 1996 has been continued with a 30 percent increase in participation. Additional interested youth must be put on a waiting list due to lack of available spaces. While volunteers are recruited to serve as guest speakers and program/project leaders, community citizens now contact us and ask to volunteer with our program. Children tell their parents/guardians not to pick them up until closing time because they're enjoying themselves so much. With limited available summer care for school-agers, 4H is meeting a critical need for working parents.

In the 4-H Discovery After-School Program a child attends daily that has been diagnosed borderline autistic. Three years ago this child would not raise her head off her chest or speak a word to the counselors or tutors. When given instructions, or asked for a response, she only pointed and gave a blank stare. We began working more one-on-one with this child, and in small group settings. We incorporated 4-H curriculum; SPACES and I've Got To Be Me into the after-school activities. We worked on self-esteem building and success in her daily activities. After three years this child still somedays only gives us a smile for a response, however, she walked down the runway at the 4-H Fashion Show in front of approx 300 people and read out loud at the 4-H Babysitting Clinic.

Communication between child care providers and parents is a key issue in quality child care. Through Extension's Child Care Training Units cirriculum, twenty three providers gained knowledge of the role effective communication plays in quality child care. One-on-one conversations and role playing activities defined communication techniques and demonstrated common barriers to effective communication. All providers stated that the training provided them with new knowledge and skills. Thirty three percent reported learning how to incorporate good communication skills into problem solving techinques. Twenty five percent said presenting negative situations to parents in a positive manner was a new skill they could immediately put into practice.

Wayne County 4-H collaborates with Goldsboro Housing Authority to provide after school care for families that live in the three inner city communities. There are a total of 76 students in these programs. Each day these students attend the program after school until 6:00 p.m. The program in two communities operate full days during the summer and school holidays. Another program operates half days during this time. Youth in the program are divided into age groups and participate in a variety of activities including 4-H projects, recreation and homework. Evaluations of these students' third nine-weeks report cards show that 94 percent of the students had no failing subjects. This is a direct response of the 4-H after school staff working with these youth on their homework.

Over the past 6 months approximately 150 child care providers and Directors have participated in monthly child care programs designed to enhance the quality and care provided to the children and families of Jones County. As a result, 10 providers have began completing the CDA application for acceptance intp the credential program. 5 Directors have reported a significant improvement in skills and knowledge of about 20f their staff. Parents have also reported that they can seen significant differences in the techniques being used in caring for their children.

The Assessing School Age Quality program began with four school age child care providers participating in "First Steps" training. They introduced the program concepts to other staff persons at Better Beginnings Child Care Center and Manteo Elementary School. Areas of need were identified and they began to work toward positive changes. Better Beginnings carried this process of positive change into the summer program. A variety of new experiences incorporated community resources and volunteers, resulting in an enriched summer program for youth participants. This quality care allows children to grow to the best of their abilities, and in areas which tap their creativity and strength, allowing them to excel. As a result of these experiences, parents reported: "Kids came home happy." "She gave up a day at Grandmother's to go to summer activity." "Smiles were on their faces at the end of the day." The ASQ program is funded by a grant

Summer day camp programs for middle school youth provided quality child care for working parents and a stimulating educational and social environment for youth. Conscientious staff members provided quality programming and supervision for the youth. Youth participated in adventure programs, field trips and community service projects. The program was a big hit with youth and parents alike. Parent Burnie Lethig stated, "The Endless Summer Program created an excitement about learning." Parent Christine Boyle remarked, "4-H Endless Summer is definately something that I support and would be interested in seeing continued next year." Diane and Frank Libretto's note of thanks said, "Our daughter loved the crafts, trips, camper instruction and mostly the counselors. They did a terrific job. As working parents this program gave us security for our daughter's safety and well being. Please do a duplication of this program again. Thank you for an excellent summer program."

Better child care is a dire need in Forsyth County.Teachers and directors have trouble providing age-appropriate activities for young children.Cooperative Extension taught information on writing effective lesson plans and designing learning activities for children(infancy-5years).Participant (s) received at least 8 hours of training focusing on the needs of children.By the end of training, 75 per cent of the 148 child care professionals were able to develop a lesson plan based on the developmental levels of young children and use of hands-on applications to teach children.

Playground Safety Training Workshops were presented in compliance with State Child Care regulations by the 4-H School-age Care Coordinator. These workshop offered the fundamentals of providing safe playground for infants, toddlers and school agers.

Approximately 60 providers have been cerified through the Extension sponsored training. Follow up visits have been conducted with 5 centers, utilizing the playground safety kits.

Centers and home sites trained represent approximately 300- 400 youth.

Fifty-five Childcare providers and support staff received nutrition information to improve their lives and the lives of the 175 children in their care. The Director of one Center said, that the workshop she attended really has changed the way she looks at food. She said, "It made me more aware of how important good nutrition is and why it is necessary to read food labels and to use the food pyramid as a eating plan to stay healthy." The goal was to have providers put what they learned into practice. Follow-up evaluations show that providers are making positive changes at home, and at their Centers.

Parents of children enrolled in the 4-H Afterschool program report: "My husband and I both work and we consider this program a lifesaver, in that we know where our children are afterschool and that they are well taken care of. Without the 4-H Afterschool Program many children would be without a good, safe place to go. I have nothing but praise for this program and it's staff."

"The Ashe County Fleetwood Short Stops Program has provided my child with a quality afterschool program that enables me to continue to work with peace of mind. They provide a safe, nurturing environment that allows my child to finish his homework, snack, work on projects that are educational and fun."

Conducted eight staff development training sessions reaching 194 persons. Topics covered were diversity, science, teaching children with attention deficit disorder, foods and nutrition, gardening, healthy habits for healthy eating, puppets, and building a filing system of program ideas. Directors from centers report that the staff use the program ideas and materials presented in the classrooms. Twwenty-seven teens developed babysitting and child care skills to assist in improving the quality of childcare. The students were certified in CPR for one year. The students reported that they felt comfortable providing childcare for other youth.

On October 28, 1997 I did my very first workshop on effective communication between childcare poroviders and the parents. Participants expressed they were very informed and felt the workshop was extremely helpful. They also noted the interactiveness of the workshop was a plus for helping them learn the material. Jennifer Burnette also mentioned October 31, 1997 that after visiting an area daycare setting the participants were still talking about how much they had enjoyed the workshop and how they would be putting what they had learned into practice.

Twelve daycare centers gained five credit hours in Playground Safety. Each provider increased their knowledge of appropriate playground equipment, layouts, surfacing, laws and regulations regarding equipment and reporting. As of December 1997, 55 daycares centers, both Lenoir and Greene Counties have been trained recieving the state's requirement (4 hours) for certification. 1,226 hours have been awarded to child-care providers.

CEMP 06 Community and Economic Development

The Crestdale Community Association was becoming dysfunctional as the team process broke down and some members began making plans to establish a separate corporation.

The CRD Agent attended monthly meetings of open dialogue with the 40+ memberships. Technical assistance included handouts on "How to Conduct Effective Meetings," "Working With Difficult People" and "How to be an Effective Leader" inclusive of roles and responsibilities of officers.

As a result, the elections of new officers were held and a review of its Articles of Incorporation clearly defined its function and purpose which resolved the issue and need for separate groups. Open communication is returning and the group now meets on a bimonthly basis to develop community development projects.

Jackson CountyLINE is a six line computerized telephone information system established recently through the ideas and fundraising efforts of the Jackson County Cooperative Extension Center. Over $15,000 was secured from grants and donations to purchase the equipment. The service is so useful, the county government has agreed to fund the monthly phone line charges. Jackson CountyLINE is provided free to all non-profit and public agencies and oragnization in the county to record thier public information. In addition, all school teachers have space so thier students parents can call the CountyLINE each day for homework or other information. The system recieved 2500 call in just two days when schools were closing due to snow. CountyLINE has space for up to 10,000 recorded messages. Many organizations are using the system as a means to disiminate information and there is still lots of space for additional needs. CountyLINE is the first and only known

local System: mecklenb
Person Reporting: Minnie L. Mitchell

As natural landscape developments become scarce, commercial developers and absentee property owners are seizing the opportunity to take over limited resource communities by using such tactics as "spot zoning."

In an effort to preserve the culture and integrity of the neighborhood while maintaining its current tax status, 22 limited resource property owners requested an educational work session to be conducted by the CRD agent. The two-hour session consisted of public speaking, local zoning guidelines, public policy and petition writing.

As a result, the required 22% of the property owners became empowered to voice their opposition before public officials who eventually voted against the impending re-zoning petition request.

At a follow-up community meeting, the members overwhelmingly commented how they "COULD NOT HAVE DONE IT WITHOUT THE EXTENSION SERVICE."

James Brown, owner of Brown's Body Shop, was renting a building from month-to-month when he joined the Edgecombe Entrepreneur Organization. His landlord would raise his rent without notice and would not allow him to install a sign even though the building was not very visible and insisted his repair work be done first. James contacted a local banker that had presented a program at EEO's monthly meeting on the Community Re-investment Act. His bank was putting special emphasis on helping small business owners. After working with the banker and support from the extension service James was able to purchase a 92x30 metal building to house his business. He has since been able to add an additional 30x30 section for a painting booth. His business has increased tremendously.

Heritage Oaks Subdivision offers new and affordable homes to limited resource families. Cleveland County agents Greg Traywick, John Stout and Nancy Abasiekong developed an educational program to teach these first-time homeowners basic lawn and home maintenance skills. The team's goal was to encourage Heritage Oaks residents to maintain property values and the visual appeal of their community through sustained pride in home ownership. Agents are developing brochures, conducting demonstrations, and providing work- shops for the Heritage Oaks Homeowners Association. Fourteen families were represented at a hands-on lawn maintenance demonstration conducted September 4, 1997. Participants gained basic knowledge about lawn liming and fertilization and developed lawn care skills that will benefit the community for many years to come. Cooperating agencies report that residents are not only implementing our recommendations, but that they are also sharing their new knowledge and skills with their neighbors.

A cooperative agreement is underway with several agencies, businesses, citizens and Extension Service to develop additional and alternative outdoor recreational opportunities for the publiic. They are presently in the planning and development stages of developing a mountain bicycling trail system in order to promote "Eco-Tourism" on the reservation. 30 miles of trail have been marked, a draft of the trail has been developed and planning has begun for maintenance and operation of the trail system.

The Cherokee Reservation Community Club Council and Cherokee Reservation Extension Office sponsored the first Battle of the Communities. The purpose was to promote community and family involvement and revitalize community spirit. The competition was fierce and aggressive but always friendly and a lot of fun. The area of competition was checkers, volley ball, archery, blow-gun, wood chopping and a tug of war. The children also participated in competition. Over three thousand dollars was awarded to the community club winners. Over 100 people participated in this event.

A rural, low income community in Moore County rallies to raise funds for a basketball court to support positive influences for youth. Through seed money from a National 4-H Grant($900) and matching community support, a local mens group in Addor were able to create a community based basketball court. With the assistance of the Extension based CYF program assistant, the men's group applied for and were awarded the National 4-H grant. The group then made plans for fund raising and marketing their project.

Approximately 100 residents, community leaders and county leaders attended a ribbon cutting ceremony to open the court. Future plans are to add additional cement and other goals to the court. The court has helped to recruit resident volunteers, who have been serving as mentors and sponsors for the program.

North End limited resource community receives $82,000 to rebuild a community center! With the collaborative efforts of partners such as CES, local banks, non-profits groups and local churches and other government agencies, the community has received 20 percent of the needed funding to continue the renovation process of this historical facility. Manual labor contributions by a local Mormon Church has consisted of an exterior cleanup by stripping old paint and the removal of wasps. Upon completion, the center will serve as a resource center, a museum of African American artifacts, community meeting facility and satellite office for community police.

Through partnerships between the CES, Habitat for Humanity, Town Officials and the NC School of Design (graduate students), a south-Charlotte community saved $80,000 - $100,000 in architectural design schemes. An average of 25 - 50 limited resource residents became empowered through monthly strategic planning sessions that included the small group process of working with scale sized models of homes, businesses and landscape to manipulate floor/site plans. Multiple-choice questionnaires, group discussions and games were also used to refine the selection process of schematic designs. With 80 percent participation from residents, the two final schemes will be presented to Town Commissioners as they solicit funding and development support to revitalize their community. The cost for schematic designs will be reduced because of the students

"in-kind" school project contribution.

The need always exists for people to develop the confidence and skills to participate in community affairs. Using CQI tools and "Community Voices" as a resource, four (4) programs dealing with different commuity topics where hosted in co-operstion with WPCOG. 150 people inquired about drinking water quality. Radon class for contractors and realtors was conducted with those in attendance (15) learning about indoor air quality and how to improve it. 300 clientele learned and adopted some form of backyard composting.

The need existed for a county wide used motor oil recycling program according to County Manager. Using "Project Hero" as a guide and a grant in the amount of $3000.00, nine (9) collection sites were establish in the county. During the time since starting the collection 3373 gallons of used motor oil has been recycled.

Cherokee, Clay, and Graham counties held it's 27th annual Area Craft Workshop on Oct. 28 - 29. The workshop was a great success. The participants absolutely loved their classes. I took a basket-making class from Denise Anthony, who took her first basket-making class from an extension program. She nows makes her living from selling baskets! She has passed some of her knowledge onto me and the other participants. There were several other craft classes taught. There were around 55 participants this year. This is the most that has ever attended in the past. We were very pleased with the success of the workshop this year. We hope to continue these successful workshops in years to come.

Increasing Understanding Between Rural and Urban life - Many residents do not understand the importance of rural and urban residents achieving successful communities by working together. Farm City Day is an annual one day event coordinated by CES and Henderson County Parks and Recreation. A committee of 41 volunteers help plan various educational activities such as exhibits, games, and demonstrations to increase understanding and ultimately communication among farm and city dwellers. This day showcases Extension awareness of families by providing enriching family education in an entertaining way. Farm City Day continues to be an excellent marketing event for CES. In 1997, approximately 20,000 participants gained a better understanding of the important relationship between rural and urban life.

A satellite office of the N.C. Cooperative Extension Service - Graham County was established in the Stecoah Community. The satellite office offers community members the use of a Facsimile (FAX) Center. The FAX Center provides citizens an opportunity to request educational information from the N.C. Cooperative Extension Service. The FAX Center provides a Fact Sheet for educational materials available through the Cooperative Extension Service and offers detailed instructions on proper use of equipment. The FAX Center is also used by small businesses located in the Stecoah Community. This service allows new businesses to offset start-up costs by providing

A local Robeson County resident has been operating a small home-based jewerly business for the past year. Until now, she only had the resources of receiving merchandise from one company. After some reserach and phone calls, she was provided with a list of over 100 jewerly wholesalers (names and addresses). Information was also given on how to obtain her retail/wholesale license so that she would be able to attend the apparel mart and make more business contacts. Marketing strategies are also being discussed. She now has the ability to pick and choose the merchandise she wants to sell resulting in more inventory and more income.

access to office equipment.

To support the Enterprize Community Grant for 5 census tracts in Robeson County, Extension personnel provided leadership for Community Voices training in 4 communitiies - Fairmont, Rowland, Maxton and Red Springs. A total of 37 adults were trained to better address community and economic issues within their communities by developing leadership and communication skills. Extension trained facilitators in 3 of these communities are now in the process of training additional citizens. These citizens are becoming involved in improving the economic conditions within their communities.

CEMP 07 CROP PRODUCTION AND MARKETING SYSTEMS

Brunswick Hydroponic Greenhouse Tomato Operation links up with market. Don Gilbert of Carolina Hydroponic,Inc. has successfully linked up his $100,000 operation to a major chain store buyer in N.C. and is presently supplying quality tomatoes to several high volume stores in the Wilmington area. Mr. Gilbert credits Milton Parker,Area Ext. Agent with greatly assisting him with the market contact. "My market is now firmly in place to supply 5 Wilmington stores with fresh winter Greenhouse tomatoes" states Mr. Gilbert. "I was able thanks to Mr. Parker to receive $1.50 per lb." adds Gilbert. Gilbert expects to harvest and market $90,000 worth of tomatoes annually

We conducted a greenwise program in Blowing Rock. This is a 3 day intensive management program for Nursery producers. One of the largest christmas tree producers was in attendance. After the meeting he made several comments about how useful the training had been. One is that he had no direction in his life until this training . The personal mission statement session had changed his total perspective. He was now placing emphasis on relationships instead of tasks and was putting his first things first in his live. He measured some efficiecny factors before the meeting. His efficiency is now increased 35%. He says he is being more effective instead of efficient.

Nearly 95 percent of the tobacco transplants in Forsyth County are produced in greenhouses. Growers continue to improve their knowledge of greenhouse production. In 1997, 5 growers (200+ acres of transplants, valued at $35000) incurred production problems that within days of problem development would have destroyed 75+ percent of their transplants. The Cooperative Extension Service through grower education of problem identification and proper greenhouse management was able to prevent the loss of 95 percent of the transplants, resulting in a savings of nearly $25000.

Improved net profit is essential for the Limited Resource Grower to remain in business. Cooperative Extension in conjunction with a local firm that designs and sells drip-irrigation systems network together to get 5 small farmers established in plasticulture production on a trial scale. These growers networked together to buy the plastic, drip tape, and rent the machine to put the plots in. They split the cost among themselves and exchange labor. They put in approx. 1 acre each. The avg. amount of increase for each participant was $2500. The results were added income to each as well as future expansion in plasticulture.

The Caldwell Extension Center has worked closely with the city of Lenoir in utilizing the municipal sludge as a lime source for farmers. The material if used properly will supply farmers with a lime equivalent material free of charge. Through educational programs and a on-farm test, 25 farmers have applied this material to 500 acres of land saving them $20/acre in liming cost. tThe total savings for the farmers in Calwell County is approximately $10,000.

The pesticide education program includes private and commercial applicator recertification, private applicator certification, plastic pesticide container collection and pesticide collection. During the first six months of 1997, 90 percent of those needing private recertification successfully completed the training and were recertified, five individuals completed 4 hours of training to receive their private applicators license and 10 hours of recertification credit were made available to commercial applicators. These applicators may continue to use pesticides to earn income in a safe and responsible manner.

1000 pounds of plastic pesticide containers were collected for recycling. All were inspected and found to be cleaned properly. 4000 pounds of unwanted pesticides were collected and transfered to NCDA pesticide division for disposal. These materials will no longer pose a potential risk to the environment.

CROP PRODUCTION AND MARKETING SYSTEM: As a result of the Christmas Tree IPM Program in Alleghany & Ashe Counties, a Crop Scouting Service has been established and is beginning its second season. A participant of the program is now providing a Scouting Program, the first in Ashe & Alleghany Counties. As a result of the IPM Program, growers recognize the need for scouting information, but find it difficult to get the scouting done. The Scouting Service is scouting 270 fields, about 500 acres. This season, the Scouting Service detected a new pest to Fraser Fir in Ashe and Alleghany and the early detection gave Extension the opportunity to alert and educate growers, thus reducing the economic loss.

In response to the pressure put on our growers concerning the whole agricultural production process, Extension in cooperation with Avery County Christmas Tree and Nurserymen's Association and Watauga Nurserymen's Association has instituted a demonstration plot at Grandfather Mountain detailing how Fraser Fir grows. This plot is designed to educate the 250,000 yearly visitors to Granfather Mountain about the length of time, labor, care, and expense to growing these trees, while also illustrating how IPM practices can work to reduce the impact of pesticides upon the environment. This joint effort has allowed us to reach another segment of the non-farming population.

Although favorable growing condtions were largely responsible for the record wheat yields this year, technical assistance and dissemination of information provided significant contributions. Among those were timely pest alerts pertaining to fungi and insects. As a result, there were producers who treated for foliar diseases that had not previously used any such treatments thereby protecting their yields. Also, dissemination of variety trial data provided information for the farmers to select the best varieties for their situation. Lastly, the 1996-97 wheat variety trial produced outstanding results

Peanut farmers are searching for ways to save production costs. In February, I conducted a meeting along with our peanut specialists to discuss ways growers can realistically reduce inputs and maintain yields. One of the biggest savings for some of our farmers who have begun growing runner varieties of peanuts is in seed costs and gypsum (calcium) cost. Research shows that additional gypsum is not needed for runner peanuts. By showing growers how to determine calcium levels in the soil by utilizing a soil test formula approximately 2000 acres of runner peanuts will not be given additional calcium. This represents a savings of about $30 per acre or $60,000 for these growers. Growers were also shown that the seeding rate could be cut by 20 lbs per acre because of their smaller size saving an additional $16.00/acre or $32,000. for farmers to use in making decistions for the 1996-97 crop.

Apple growers and other farmers are extremely dependant on weather for growing their crops. Many growers requested information concerning up-to-date local weather information. Because of this need Extension contacted Paul Speranza, a local private weather forecaster, about giving local daily agriculture weather forecasts. Sponsors pay Paul $160.00 per month. We contracted with 8 companies to sponsor Paul's services starting in April through November '97. His information includes 3 day forecasts for precipitation, wind, soil temperature, cooling degree days, high and low temperature and any chance of frost, freeze, hail or other extreme weather conditions. On average we receive 260 calls per week requesting timely information. This pilot program has been very beneficial to our growers in helping them to plan their work week as it relates to weather.

In 1997, 18 volunteers were trained during a 40 hour course as Master Pomologists. The program extended the resources of the Extension Service tremendously. Master Pomologists are used as technicians to maintain the Henderson County Apple Variety Block. They help in tree pruning, tree training, collecting bloom dates, harvesting fruit, collect post-harvest data related to fruit quality and storageability. Students from time to time conducted apple training sessions for county residents. Approximately 650 volunteer hours have been given back to the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service - Henderson County Center as of June 18, 1997.

PESTICIDE COLLECTION DAY The Pesticide Disposal Day conducted on April 23 at the New Hanover CountyExtension Center by the North Carolina Department of Agriculture, New Hanover County Cooperative Extension Service, and the New Hanover County Department of Environmental Management was extremely successful. The collection resulted in the proper disposal of 3,971 pounds of pesticide representing 258 outdated or unwanted pesticide products. Proper pesticide disposal is paramount to protecting environmental quality in New Hanover County. Future pesticide disposal days are planned, please call the New Hanover County Cooperative Extension Service for additional information on disposal of unwanted pesticides.

How does a tobacco farmer learn to produce tobacco transplants in a new greenhouse?.....by following Extension recommendations. Beginning in December 1996, five Pitt County tobacco producers have been counseled in order to provide the latest research concerning tobacco greenhouse production. Eleven basic practices were recommended and monitored using on-site visits with each of these producers. As a result of this process, sixty-six percent of these practices were incorporated into their operations. These adoptions represent a potential savings of $85,384 to these county producers. Among the recommended practices to these producers were water sampling, proper equipment purchases, and using the proper seeding date.

When several Pitt County tobacco producers decided to take advantage of the warm temperatures of early April, little did they know that frost would destroy much of what they had transplanted. Almost six hundred acres of the 1997 Pitt County tobacco crop had to be retransplanted due to plants which were destroyed from freezing conditions. One producer who worked closely with the Pitt County Extension Center was Steve Stancil of Greenville, North Carolina. In one six acre field when Stancil was about to retransplant, Mitch Smith, County Extension Director, advised that this field would likely survive the adverse weather. Time proved Extension correct as the field is about to receive sucker control chemicals! Extension assistance was able to save Stancil a potential of $2480 in plant and labor costs.

Commercial vegetable production requires highly developed management skills to be competitive in the market place with quick access to pertinent information such as tissue and soil analysis as well as other cultural information. Ninety five percent of commercial producers have computers, but all lacked the knowledge on how to access the World Wide Web for accessing information. Information by postage is too slow often arriving to late for utilization. Networking with the NCDA Agronomic Division and a local internet access company, the Extension Service coordinated a workshop explaining the efficiency and usefulness of the World Wide Web for commercial vegetable producers. As a result of the workshop, five growers out of twelve producers regularly access the Web. Interest has spread to other growers with six producers requesting a repeat the workshop in the fall of 97.

A significant need existed for farmers to reduce the amount of insect damage that was occuring on cotton. As a result of scouting schools, insect monitoring, newsletters, and on-farm tours of insect management plots growers reduced the amount of cotton damaged by insect by 1%. This resulted in an increase in net profits of $160,000. Knowledged gained by growers has influenced growers to attend a a fall workshop.

For the past two years ('95-'96), burley growers have had serious disease problem with blue mold. This has resulted in an income loss of 55% in 1995 and 30% in 1996. This problem is surfacing again in 1997, but by increased knowledge from newsletters and 5 spraying demonstrations underway in Watauga, Avery, and Ashe Counties, growers are using proper techniques to control the disease. It has not shown up in the area even though the crop has been exposed to the disease since early May. Every day closer to harvest without the disease means less impact on the profits and enthusiasm of the growers. Until the crop is harvested, the full impact cannot be realized.

Wayne County has 6500 acres of tobacco that are being treated with pesticides to soon. By working with three fertilizer dealers we were able to hold three tobacco scouting clinics which 28 producers attended in 3 diffent communities.They learned about economic thresholds of tobacco insects and how not spraying to quickly can help protect benfical insects and cut down the number of times that they do need to spray.Cutting out one spraying would reduce the quantity of chemicals they use by 6500 pounds, thus increasing their profit margins and protecting the environment for future generations.

The two main thrusts of our programming have been Cereal Leaf Beetle Scouting and the use of Beneficial Insects to control Musk Thistles. The Cereal Leaf Beetle Program had 11 cooperating farms with 1345 acres of small grains. These fields were scouted regularly for Cereal Leaf Beetles. Scouting and low Cereal Leaf Beetle numbers resulted in farmers reducing spraying by 2-3 times, saving farmers $9.40 per spray per acre. The beneficial insect program has been placed on 552 acres, saving cooperators $9.80 per acre per year for the next three years. These two programs have saved farmers $38858.00 in reduced pesticide application costs.

Income from Burley Tobacco in Ashe County was $3 million for 1996. This important commodity is threatened by a destructive disease known as metaxyl resistant blue mold. Losses attributable to this disease were $900,000.00 this past growing season. A pressing need exists for growers to understand the nature of this disease so necessary control strategies can be implemented. An educational program has helped growers learn how the fungus moves from sources of infected tobacco to susceptible growing areas, how a community approach is essential and how to utilize weather data and early detection to implement preventive controls.

Consequently, over 800 growers are more knowledgeable about a Blue Mold Control Plan that utilizes cultural practices, chemical preventive sprays, and early warning forecasting to reduce disease incidence. Growers recongize the need for current information and are using the NCSU Blue Mold website and a toll free hot line to determine spray sequences.

Bonnie Blanks and her husband Burnice relies upon the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service to help solve everyday problems. When problems arise they turn to the Cooperative Extension Service for a solution to their problems. They have attended numberous Extension sponsored education problems. Their goals are to improved the overall condition of their farm operation by increasing profits and decreasing expenses. They are committed to increasing the sustainability of their farm crops for a healthy environment. They have planted 29 varieties of vegetables. Some of their commodities are: okra, cabbage, watermelons, peas, collards, pumpkins, sweet potatoes, irish potatoes and turnips. In April, Bonnie was named third runner-up for the 1997 Small Farmer of the Year Award during North Carolina Small Farm Week Activities at NC A&T State University. Their efforts have begun to payoff because they are more efficient and profitable now than they were two years ago.

Adverse environmental conditions during the 1997 cotton planting period created poor stands and difficult replanting decisions for some producers. Extension was directly involved in the replant evaluation of approximately 300 acres of cotton. Through Extension assistance, producers decided not to replant the 300 acres noted. This decision resulted in a direct savings of $12,846.

On March 27, 1997 the NCCES-Person County Center conducted an educational meeting with 55 beef cattle producers in attendance. These individuals learned about warm-season grasses and the benefits of them. Eighteen producers planted approximately 2000 acres of warm-season grasses which allow them to have 45 percent more feed available for their cattle. One producer stated, "This is the best method to renovate old pastures that have been compacted over the years and I have increased my calf weaning weights on one farm by 50 lbs./calf." This producer has gained knowledge that forages are the best and cheapest feed for cattle. He is also educating surrounding producers to adopt this practice.

Tobacco greenhouse operators continue to recognize the importance of sampling their water to determine nutrient status. Sixty-two percent of greenhouse operators sampled their water in 1997 and those growers who detected boron and/or bicarbonate problems saved $60,750 by not having to purchase replacement plants. Both problems can be corrected with little trouble, however undiagnosed problems can result in fewer and less healthy transplants.

An Edgecombe County peanut grower was asking me questions about how to fumigate his peanut fields for 1997. I asked him why he was fumigating as I had seen his peanut crops over the years and have noticed very little black root rot problems. His neighbors had convinced him of the need to. They told him his dying plants from previous years was "CBR." I reminded him that the disease they were talking about was a virus that looked very similar to "CBR." He did not fumigate and saved $40 per acre on 310 acres of peanuts for a savings of $12,400.

A 200 acre tobacco farmer contacted the Guilford County Extension office concerning his tobacco plantbed. He had used wood chips to add organic matter to the soil which was causing his plant bed to produce enough for only about 100 acres. The farmers solution was to buy enough plants which would have cost him about $11,000 in addition to his production costs on his plantbed. A field visit by the tobacco and horticulture agents resulted in the diagnosis that the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio was too high which was tying up the available nitrogen for the tobacco seedlings. The solution involved educating the farmer on the difference between well composted organic matter and that not composted. In addition he would need to make regular applications of nitrogen available to the seedlings for them to produce satisfactorily. By determining the problem and the solution, the agents were able to save the farmer the added expense.

The NCCES-Person County Center conducted the 5th Piedmont NC Area Hay Expo & Forage Management Field Day on June 3, 1997 with approximately 175 people in attendance from VA & NC in which they learned about forage management and new technologies in hay harvesting. Over 2 million dollars of hay harvesting equipment was demonstrated from various dealers from both states. As a result, 45 producers adopted rotational grazing, 20 producers updated hay harvesting equipment, 15 producers planted summer annuals, 50 percent of producers extended their grazing season, water quality improved by 35 percent, and 5 producers started forage testing their hay. These producers will have an estimated increase in weaning weights for beef calves by 40 lbs./calf.

Many times work of Ag Extension Agents is service oriented, i.e. recommending specific products, varieties, practices, much like a consultant. My desire is to present in newsletters and winter meetings more than this type information to enable clientele to observe trends and make practice changes to enhance their operations. A concept I have introduced is improvement of soil as a result of sequential no-tillage. Many producers have noticed this time cumulative effect. One has reduced corn N 30 percent saving $25 per acre and avoiding possible environmental problems. Another cooperated with me on an on-farm test comparing long term no-till to short term no-till. Our findings convinced him and other producers to utilize continuous no-till to increase the production potential of their farmland. We felt the production potential for wheat increased by 10 percent due to improved nutrient holding and N fixation by non symbiontic organisms.

A NCCES and Person County BeeKeepers Association Field Day was conducted on September 27, 1997 in Person County as a result from several incoming telephone calls and demands from beekeepers about problems faced with controlling two types of insect mites. Approximately 30 people gained hands-on learning experiences with hive observation, mite identification, healthy brood management, and overall honeybee management. Participants estimated that they would save approximately $250 per participants per year, or a total savings of $7500. Tim Gentry and wife, master beekeepers, said that, "We are very please with all of Extension's support and the success of the educational field day." Ed Johnson, President of the Person County Beekeepers Association, wanted to continue this program because of the interest from people. Future programming efforts in this subject matter will be continue in the spring as well as the fall of the year in order to meet the needs of clients.

> Twelve tobacco growers received problem solving assistance in the production of greenhouse transplants. Disease management, fertilization, clipping, insect control, and other production expertise and problem solving assistance crucial to the successful growth of transplants was given to growers who produced transplants for over 2,175 acres of tobacco. Value of these transplants was approximately $63,000.

>Organized an Area Cotton Insect Scouting School that over 50 scouts, dealers, agents, and farmers attended. This training along with a timely newsletter to farmers, dealers, and consultants helps reduce insect control applications by at least one or two treatments per acre. Reducing unnecessary treatments and better timing of treatments saved Sampson county cotton growers over $400,000 in 1997.

>Advised over 10 growers on the use of new Roundup Ready varieties of cotton and soybeans. Herbicide applications were reduced by these farmers by 2 to 3 per acre.

On-farm demonstrations were conducted in Iredell County in 1997 with wheat,corn and soybeans through a cooperative effort involving local producers,seed company representatives and grower associations.This applied research on the county level is important to aid farmers in variety selection and well as giving creditability and visibility to the local agent. Variety selection was the main criterion for the demonstrations although recommended cultural practices were also empahasized.An on farm tour was conducted as well as the data was presented in grower meetings.Based on sales information from seed company reprsentatives the information gained from these local demonstrations has been very influential in the adoption of some of the leading varieties. Based on yield differences and nutritive values these test increased income by $2.3 million when the yield differences were calculated using a 10 percent adoption rate which is very realistic.

Cotton Insect Control. Early season insect control was very difficult because of slow growing cotton and cool spring temperatures. Problems with thrip and aphids were the worst farmers had encountered in several years. A new insecticide for control of aphids was experimented with and results shared with farmers.

Three light traps were checked daily during major moth flight and farmers informed on answer machine of number collected and sprayings taking place in the County. A cotton scouting school was held to keep farmers updated on scouting techniques and recommendations. Keeping farmers informed of the flights resulted in sprays being applied at correct timing and low insect damage. Results of efforts saved farmers $50,000 in increased yields and pesticide savings.

Irrigation Scheduling. An EXNUT irrigation scheduling program is being developed for Virginia type peanuts in Bertie County through cooperation with the National Peanut Research Lab in Dawson, Georgia. The program was run on 25 fields and irrigation recommendations made three times weekly over a period of forty-five days after planting to two weeks before digging. Average yield per acre on the 25 fields was 4,251 pounds per acre. The expected county average yield in 1997 will be 2600 pounds per acre for a difference of 1651 pounds. Farmers contribute the scheduling program for at least a 400 pound increase per acre. Impact of the scheduling program on 1431.2 acres irrigated is $183,193.

Peanut Disease Monitoring. Diseases in peanuts cost Bertie County farmers several million dollars each year. Development of computerized weather monitoring systems to predict development of disease incidence is being used in the County for leafspot and Sclerotinia Blight disease. Each day readings are taken and a recommendation given on the answer machine to inform farmers if conditions are favorable for development of the diseases.

In 1997 farmers saved two sprayings for leafspot versus being on a 14 day spray schedule. This savings amounted to $200,000 for farmers in the County.

Early detection of Sclerotinia Blight is very critical because the disease spreads rapidly if not controlled. Farmers were informed when conditions were conducive for disease development through newsletter and answer machine. Early detection and control measures saved farmers $375,000.

Peanut Maturity. Determining peanut maturity and the correct time to dig is a very vital production decision. Research has shown the amount of Heat Units required for specific varieties to have mature peanuts. An Envirocaster was operated during the year to monitor Heat Units. Accumulation of Heat Units were very low in 1997 because of a cold spring and cooler than normal growing season.

To help farmers determine the maturity of the crop and recommend digging dates, workshops were set-up at three agri-business locations. Approximately 200 field samples were pod blasted to determine maturity using the Hull Scrape Method. Most peanuts needed two more additional weeks than normal for optimum maturity. Increased profits by delayed digging as a result of the workshops amounted to $45,000.

NC-12C Peanut Variety. Extensive research continues in the county for control of CBR disease on peanuts. A new variety of peanuts, NC-12C, has been tested and released to farmers. The variety has moderate control of CBR that yields 300 lbs. per acre and grades two cents per pound more than the traditonal CBR variety, NC-10C.

In 1997, acres of NC-12C increased by 5,000 acres. Impact of this new variety is $30,000 to Bertie County producers.

A young boy of 16 years who has recently dropped out of school has been under my supervision for a farm loan to raise tobacco. I have been working with this fellow to expose the importance of good work ethics, financial planning, and an education. He has followed the crop through to market and he is paying his debts. By getting to work with him, I have been able to spark his interest in getting his GED. Perhaps nipping the bud of one less load society will have to carry and improving the quality of life for this young man.

The fourth grade class at Hayesville Elementary School began a project of growing tomato plants to sell for a school project. I was involved in this program in the production aspect. It was a prime opportunity for these children to learn about agriculture, the environment, planning, and somewhat of small business management. The children got their hands dirty, they seen life grow before their very eyes, and felt a very significant sense of self accomplishment.

The greenhouse industry here in Henderson County is constantly growing. Occasionally, one runs into a new grower. In one such case a young Asian/American man with 30,000 poinsettias was visited. This crop was the first he had ever grown of anything. The plants were clorotic showing a distinct nutritional deficiency rendering them un-saleable with less than a month away from the market time. A mailed in tissue analysis was felt to be too slow to help him. It was suggested that the deficiency to be Magnesium (he had not applied this micronutrient). After he applied Epsom Salts (Magnesium Sulfate) at the recommended rate for two weeks the plants had regained their color and were marketable! To him this was a difference of being able to sell 30,000 plants at $2.30 each ($69,000) or dumping the entire crop. His face was all smiles at our next visit!

The container nursery business is an intense trade requiring skills in plant production, marketing and labor management. Plant pests can ravage an operation rather quickly, costing growers thousands of dollars in losses and in protective chemicals. Cooperative Extension plays a vital role in keeping nurserymen informed of services available to them and in pest identification. For example, one nurseryman in Forsyth county utilized the extension agent to diagnose a problem on one acre of shrubs. After diagnosing the problem using the state labs, the grower was able to sell the salvaged container plants for more than $40,000. As this industry continues to expand growers will call upon Extension for technical assistance in areas of water quality, fertilization, pest control and marketing.

Crop year 1997 saw an unusually cool spring. Cotton was 2 -3 weeks behind normal development. This meant that the cotton crop had perhaps half as much time in which to fruit up. In situations like this, Pix growth regulator can speed up fruiting. Workshops on the early use (physiologically speaking) of Pix were held at several locations in the county. 47 producers attended who accounted for probably 10,000 acres of cotton. The intent was to hasten fruiting and thereby increase yields. A farmer who attended a workshop and used this practice averaged over 900 pounds of cotton. He also picks other farmers cotton and attested to the fact that some nearby farmers whom he knew did not use Pix in this timely fashion averaged around 600 pounds of cotton.

Lee and Moore County have 15 cotton growers. They raise an average of 250 acres of cotton, and all 15 also grow tobacco as their major source of income. They also have to deal with small fields and fields surrounded by houses or close to schools and other concentrated areas of people. This combination of factors makes it difficult for them to spray pesticides in a timely manner, if at all. They were taught about genetically engineered plants (biotechnology), and how some cotton varieties had genes present to control caterpillars, therefore eliminating the need for insecticide sprays. Thirteen cotton farmers planted this new type of cotton and had great success controlling insects without using pesticide sprays.

Greenhouse tomatoes have the potential to fill a niche that is currently met by foreign imports. A retired Lee County farmerwas given assistance that enabled him to start a greenhouse tomato operation "from scratch". The grower attended a seminar sponsored by Extension, where he made valuable contacts with suppliers and other growers. Throughout the season, Extension assited the grower with growing media, cultivars, fertilization, and pest control for the crop, which has already generated $10,000 income. The grower not only recouped the production costs, he was able to pay for the greenhouse, the irrigation and heating equipment, and other his other capital costs, and still clear a profit this first year. The quality of his tomatoes was equal to or greater than those produced by other established greenhouse growers. Two other growers have started greenhouses as a result of his success, and several others are interested.

Tobacco transplant production in greenhouses is now used for over 95 percent of the acreage in Forsyth county. However, greenhouse management remains a relatively new production area for most growers. Because of the almost totally controlled environment, disaster can occur when environmental conditions are not correct. Because it is critical that growers manage their greenhouses properly the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service has worked diligently with growers through production meetings, newsletters and individual consultations to improve on management of fertilization, ventilation, clipping and disease identification and management. During 1997, all greenhouses were managed successfully, however 3 houses experienced growth problems that would have quickly destroyed 140 acres or $25200 of transplants if proper problem identification and corrective actions had not been taken. Quick action by the growers and diagnostic services by the Cooperative Extension Service and the NCDA resulted in a collaborative effort that prevented a tremendous loss.

In response to several grower's request, I helped to evaluate the worm pressure in a number of soybean fields. This in field training of the growers in IPM saved an estimated 2000 bushels of soybeans. At seven dollars per bushel, this would equal $14,000 additional income. This does not take into account the additional income in years to come that the growers will save due to the skill and confidence they gained from the in field training.

Thirty-one greenhouses in Bertie County require water sampling and media compatability determination. Greenhouse transplant producers benefit from water sampling. Nutrient levels are maintained throughout the growth period. Adjustments to transplant solution saved those growers the expense of purchasing plants for their total acres and six other buyers. Sampling revealed the need for micro-nutrients that were added and saved this expense to 9 producers. 540 acres X 6000qlts/nc = 3,240,000 X $30/1000plts = $97,200.00.

The acceptance of Round-up Ready Soybeans by producers has had a great impact on the number of herbicide applications to soybeans. Applied over the top Round-up has allowed the reclaimation of land that had been abandoned due to sicklepod and other insensitive weed. The elimination of just one herbicide application per acre saves growers $41.00. Bertie County has approximately 12,129 acres of soybeans with about 33% affected by this weed. There is the potential to gross $164,000 from this practice

The Extension Prescription for tobacco blown over by Hurricane Danny included the collaborative efforts of Bertie County officials, North Carolina Department of Agriculture, NC Department of Correction and the many growers affected. Prompted by growers requests, calls were made and resulted in 8 inmate labor crews from Green and Pasquotank Counties. Approximately two thousand acres were affected among twenty-two growers. Labor savings to local growers amounted to more than $13,000. Additional savings are realized to machine haravested tobacco versus hand labor and tobacco that would not have been harvested.

During the 1997 harvest season, a local grower was provided the opportunity to test the new tobacco balers that were being experimented with. A public demonstration was held and approximately 50 bales of tobacco produced. Each bale weighed in the range of 800 pounds. When the grower reached market with these bales, a premium of around 8 cents per pound was paid for the baled tobacco. This equaled $3200 dollars in additional income for the grower.

While visiting a strawberry grower in Buncombe County, I walked through the field to get a feel for his operation. I noticed severe speckling on the upper side of the strawberry leaves. A two-spotted spider infestation was developing and the grower was not aware of the possible damage or how to identify the culprit. I assisted him in identification and constructed a control program. This strawberry grower was to prevent several thousands of dollars in crop loss.

County agricultural producers participated in a program to collect unwanted pesticides and properly dispose of used plastic pesticide containers. Containers collected from Chowan county totaled 2,830 pounds and represent approximately 10,000 containers. Unwanted pesticides collected totaled 4,102 pounds and represented 175 products. Additional materials have been consolidated for future collection. All collected materials will be recycled or disposed of as hazardous waste. As a result, landfill space will be saved and environmental quality has been protected from contamination and the potential for costly clean up.

Peanut Pod Blasting to determine maturity for optimum harvest date continues to be valued as an educational program by peanut farmers. Six opportunities were made available to use equipment to run tests. 32 growers from 4 counties ran 86 samples representing 1100 acres of peanuts. Surveys have shown that information provided has affected digging date by at least one day. This years adverse weather has increased that to up to 10 days. Using an average of 3 days for improvement in harvest and the fact that peanut yields can decrease 100 pounds for each day away from optimum harvest date, this program increased peanut income $115,500.

3 days X 100 lbs/day X 1100 acres = 330000 Lbs peanuts Peanut price... .$.35/lb X 330000 = $115,500

On-farm demonstrations were conducted in Iredell County in 1997 with wheat,corn and soybeans through a cooperative effort involving local producers,seed company representatives and grower associations.This applied research on the county level is important to aid farmers in variety selection and well as giving creditability and visibility to the local agent. Variety selection was the main criterion for the demonstrations although recommended cultural practices were also empahasized.An on farm tour was conducted as well as the data was presented in grower meetings.Based on sales information from seed company reprsentatives the information gained from these local demonstrations has been very influential in the adoption of some of the leading varieties. Based on yield differences and nutritive values these test increased income by $2.3 million when the yield differences were calculated with a 10 percent adoption rate which is very realistic.

Three State Graded Marketing Cattle Demonstrations were conducted in Iredell County in 1997. 615 calves were marketed by county beef producers. This demonstration was sponsored by the Cooperative Extension Service, N C Cattlemen's Association and NCDA. I serve as co-manager of the sale and conduct the coordination of it. In addition to the educational benefits to producers by demonstrating the advantages of recommened management, genetics and nutrition these marketing demonstrations returned Iredell beef producers $18,450 over regular marketing methods.

How much fertilizer is needed and how much money can be saved by taking soil samples? Increasing concerns about water quality, new regulations, and increasing profitability prompted 20 percent more farmers to take soil samples and nematode assays this year. The number of samples was extremely low last year, so an intensive one month Soil Sampling Promotion was conducted in cooperation with 43 local fertilizer dealers, 80 Agribusiness members, and NCDA. The result was 1877 soil samples and 225 nematode assays were taken during the promotion. Local dealers estimate that growers saved over $500,000 in fertilizer cost and yield reductions by selecting varieties suited to reduce damaging nematodes a result of taking soil samples.

NC State University Research has shown that there are substantial marketable yield advantages to using micropropagated, virus indexed, superior clones as the source of your Foundation Seed. After an intensive extension educational program, encompassing the development of an ongoing grower seed demonstration, growers seem convinced that this is the way to go. There are approximately 2250 acres of sweetpotatoes in the five county area. Sixty-five percent of are the Beauregard variety and of these 48% are of superior clone, micropropagated origin. This has resulted in substantially more 49000 bushels more marketable potatoes or about $400,000 more income. The results are reaching state-wide.

As growers continue to express their desire to market tobacco more efficiently and reduce handling costs, the idea of tobacco in bales is gaining support. The baled tobacco project in Lenoir County was an extension of recent research to determine if bales are a viable option to burlap sheets. The baled tobacco educational Extension program was a dynamic demonstration in which 22 growers baled 1266 bales in Lenoir County. An estimated total of 1012800 pounds were baled. The baled tobacco received a premium of .05/lb. As a result of this demonstration, 22 producers received an additional $50640 for their commodity. One hundred percent of the participants were pleased with the baler and its efficiency.

During a wind storm in July, 60 acres of tobacco were blown down just before harvest on the Parker Brothers' Farms. Labor was brought in from Green County Prison Unit (20 men) for three days to set up the tobacco. This saved the growers tobacco crop and saved about $3000 in labor costs. No labor could be found anywhere else. The Job Employment Agency and the growers complimented the Cooperative Extension Service for its fast reaction and contact.

In July of 1997, local extesion agents and universtiy specialists gathered with 24 local producers in Mike Belch's farm workshop to discuss the current fluctuation in the cotton market, and stategies for ensuring a good price when the cotton was harvested months later. Producers learned about hedging, basis, futures, and options. As cotton prices fell to 67 cents in the fall, Greg Taylor wore a quiet smile. Following the July meeting, Greg had booked nearly half his crop at 77 cents. On approximately 100 bales of cotton, a 10 cent difference in price represented a savings of $10,000!

An unusually cool and dry spring resulted in stunted cotton growth in Northampton County, limitting the plants' ability to grow out of the damamage caused by thrips, aphids, and spider mites. In addition to advising numerous cotton producers on how to deal with these conditions, David Fogarty established a test plot to evaluate the effectivenes of 5 treatments on the unusually severe aphid attack. The test results provided producers with the information needed to best combat the infestation. 800 acres treated on the basis of these results saved producers an estimated $6400. Yields at harvest will give further impacts.

A test demonstration was placed on the farm of Bennett Bros. Inc. of Rich Square N.C. The test compared the use of a rootworm control product to using nothing at all. Based on the Southern Corn Rootworm Index the risk level was moderate. The season was unusually dry until late July when good rainfall returned briefly. Mr. Bennett felt the rain would not adversely effect the check plot. At harvest there was substantial difference in yield and quality between the two treatments. Profit per acre was reduced as much as $150.00. Mr. Bennett has decided that in the future fields showing a moderate level of risk will be treated with a rootworm insecticide.

The Wilkes Corn Hybrid on farm test was used to evaluate 17 hybrids from 7 seed companies for grain, silage and silage feed value. This information is used by area corn growers to assist them in making hybrid selection decisions for the coming year. Surveys of farmers and farm supply stores show 85% of country growers utilize this information in making management decisions which greatly impact profitability.

Ornamental nursery growers in the foothills are growing 35 new species of conifers. Some growers planting these new conifer species have had little exposure to the vast array of potential pest problems. An IPM grant in the amount of $7,275 was obtained by the NCCES agent for the purpose of developing an IPM program and manual for conifer species. 250 nurserymen and their employees were provided with a manual and trained on implementing an IPM program designed for identifying and controlling disease, insect and mite pests with minimal chemical inputs. 44 growers adopting this program saved $660,000 in chemical costs and reduced the input of chemical active ingredients into the environment by 2,640 pounds. Through this program, growers now have an increased awareness in the judicious use of pesticides and an alternative pest management approach for the ornamental nursery crops industry.

Traditionally, greenhouse growers have relied solely on pesticides to manage disease, insect and mite problems. Many small and part-time growers have lost crops and potential profits due to improper pest identification, poor timing of sprays and improper selection of appropriate control methods. A grant in the amount of $5,000 was obtained by the NCCES agent for the purpose of developing a program and manual to train these growers on how to implement an IPM program as a holistic approach to managing greenhouse pests. 85 growers were trained on greenhouse IPM. 15 small growers have integrated IPM into their pest management program. Results include: an improved profit returns through chemical savings; an increased awareness of the judicious use of chemicals; a lessened potential for pesticide resistance in pests; an enhanced familarity with IPM scouting techniques; a beneficial weapon for growers arsenal against pests; and a quality product demanding premium prices.

A small ornamental nursery grower was concerned about high shipping costs from his supplier of container potting media. He approached the NCCES agent and asked that a research study be conducted to explore the feasibility of using a locally produced potting substrate amended with composted cow manure for production of ornamentals in containers. An on-farm study was conducted looking at different conbinations of the locally produced potting substrate. The nursery was able to grow the same high quality plants using the alternative potting mixes amended with composted cow manure. By utilizing a locally produced compost based substrate, the grower was able to save $1,200 on freight costs during 1997, and now has the convenience of delivery within 24 hours.

Several family owned nurseries and greenhouses in the foothills had barriers to growth which were inherent to family businesses. A program entitled "Greenwise" was developed by the NCCES to help growers address these barriers by allowing them to maximize their personal and business potential. Fifteen growers were given the opportunity to examine their businesses and themselves at a 3-day workshop. Personal and business mission statements were written by the growers. The participants since have developed and implemented personal and business short- and long-term goals. Feedback from growers show that many are now able to separate their personal and business time. By participating in "Greenwise", growers have been able to overcome obstacles which otherwise hindered their growth and development as a manager and leader of their family business.

Commercial landscapers and homeowners often select and install landscape plants that are inappropriate and undesirable for the landscape site. This leads to low survivability and the unnecessary application of pesticides to stressed plants. The NCCES agent conducted programs to increase the knowledge and awareness of 450 landscapers and homeowners on proper plant selection, plant pest management, and landscape practices in residential and commercial landscapes. Feedback indicated that 310 in attendance had a change in attitude wth respect to aesthetic appearance and environmental protection of their landscapes. By adopting the landscape practices recommended, total property value increased by $310,000. Many of the respondents believed that they were now playing a role in protecting the environment through better plant selection, plant growth and plant health care, and the adoption of IPM practices in the landscape.

Perquimans County farmers rely on peanuts as one of their primary cash crops. Of particular importance is the ability of the grower to harvest at the proper time in order to maximize yield and grade. Extension uses the peanut pod blaster as an educational tool to meet grower needs in this area. In 1997, growers brought in 65 samples to assess maturity. Not only does the agent stand by and help with the assessment, but the growers learn to determine maturity without additional assistance. It is estimated that the 65 samples represented over 1300 acres of peanuts realizing a minimum increase in value of $50 per acre totalling $65,000 overall.

The problem was a need to find a more effecient method of marketing tobacco other than putting it in a sheet to offer for sell. Wayne county participated in a Tobacco Baling Project to explore a new marketing method for tobacco. The project was very sucessful in that over 100 bales of tobaccco were produced that weighed an average of 750 pounds per bale. The outcome was that the produceers recieved five cents per pound premium on 75000 pounds of tobacco which increased the market value by $3750. The outcome of this project is that it looks like that baling tobacco on the farm level will happen in 1998, thus offering farmers a new method to market their crop and regain some of the world market share by offering a new and improved product.

In response to a grower having plant problems at his nursery, I worked with him to determine why the 7,000 chrysanthemums were chlorotic and growing poorly. I took soil and tissue samples for analysis and conferred with NCCES Specialist, NCSU. I explained results to the grower. With all the hot, dry weather and watering needed, his nutrient source ran out. I got him on a constant liquid feed program to clear up nutrient deficiencies. Next, I recommended he apply one more application of slow release fertilizer. The plants show improvement visibly. After, three weeks, the mums were green, healthy, ready to sale. These efforts allowed grower to sell 95 percent of his crop

worth $21,613.

In response to a dairyman wanting to increase the quality of his corn silage, I worked with him on hybrid selection, harvesting and storage. Correctly managed forage results in better animal performance, thus leading to increased income from increased production and decreased feed costs. He has been able to increase his income by approximately $8,500.

Two farmers grew tobacco organically for a niche market for the first time in 1997. A severe aphid population developed on their crop and the organic pesticide options were very limited. Cooperative Extension designed a replicated test to evaluate the existing organically approved pesticides for aphid control. Extension applied the pesticides in the test and within 24 hours the growers knew the pesticides were ineffective. Cooperative Extension advised the growers to top the tobacco earlier than normal to remove the succulent growth where the aphids were concentrated. After topping, aphid numbers rapidly dropped to negligible levels. The growers avoided unnecessary pesticide applications, saving $1450.00. Their average yield was 2600 pounds per acre which is a better than average for tobacco.

A tobacco grower who was switching his transplant production from outdoor beds into a greenhouse, was told by other growers that city water could not be used for tobacco transplant production due to chlorine in the water. After discussing the dilemma with Cooperative Extension, the grower learned the city water was suitable for tobacco transplant production. The grower saved at least $3000.00 by not digging a well and buying the related equipment required for a well. The grower produced a healthy crop of tobacco transplants in the greenhouse using the city water.

Four tobacco growers were preparing to apply Ridomil as a layby treatment to control what they thought was black shank, which is a fungus disease of tobacco. The Cooperative Extension agent visited the grower's fields, determined that bacterial wilt was the problem, and recommended that Ridomil not be applied. Ridomil provides no control of bacterial wilt. The growers still lost a portion of their crop to bacterial wilt, but they avoided $4700.00 in unnecessary chemical expenses.

Many tobacco barns are in a state of disrepair or not in the control of tobacco producers, creating a lack of available curing space for the Haywood County burley crop. Temporary post-row curing structures have been promoted as an economical alternative for curing tobacco for those farmers wanting to increase production or those with limited curing space available. Farm Bureau and the Extension Service certified 15 Haywood producers who applied for a $500.00 grant from the Philip Morris Tobacco Company to build temporary curing structures during 1997, bringing $7,500.00 in grant money to Haywood. 45 other producers have built temporary structures in 1997 or recent years taking the temporary curing capacity to approximately 150 acres for Haywood County. Utilizing these structures saves about 50 percent in labor costs during hanging and let down for classing. This is an additional savings of $28,800.00 to those farmers for 1997.

Burley tobacco is an important source of income for approximately 800 growers in Ashe County. Blue mold, a fungus disease, has caused serious economic losses to growers since a fungicide resistant strain developed in 1995. A blue mold control plan was initiated to reduce the impact of this devastating disease. An educational program helped farmers learn how to identify the presence of the fungus, how weather conditions influence the spread of the disease, how an international forecasting system could be used to map spore movement, and precautionary steps to prevent and control the fungus.

Growers were surveyed and 80.9 percent indicated they learned information about the blue mold fungus from Extension sources. Seventy-four percent of those returning surveys adopted recommended practices of spraying with a new fungicide, Acrobat MZ, to protect their crop. Although blue mold continues to plague burley tobacco, prices and quality improved for the '97 season.

Horticulture crop producers need opportunities for marketing crops to consumers. The Ashe County Farmers Market, initiated by Extension and co-sponsored with the Ashe County Chamber of Commerce provides access to an open retail market for farmers, gardeners, and craftsmen who have locally grown produce and items made in the home.

Marketing farm products directly to consumers minimizes the channel of distribution, reduces handling, and increases profits to small farmers. Thirty nine vendors participated in the farmers market this year. Mr. Cheek, a frequent seller at the market, indicated average sales of approximately $350.00 for the two day period each week that the market operates.

A medium-sized ornamental nursery operation noted for quality plants with uniformity approached the NCCES with concerns about the slow release fertilizer used in container plant production at their nursery. An on-farm study was conducted looking at different slow-release fertilizers at several different rates. The growth observed with the test fertilizers and rates wasn't any worse or better than the slow release fertilizer used by the nursery. However, based on price there was a substantial savings in fertilizer costs by changing to one of the test fertilizers. This change resulted in a savings of $14,080 on fertilizer costs for the nursery.

The need for tobacco farmers to have at their disposal very current information about blue mold, weather reports and predictions prompted the use of fax machines in out lying areas of the county. As Blue Mold information was received in the CES Center, it was faxed to the distant sites the same day as opposed to slower methods of information delivery. Some sites indicated more than 100 people per week saw information delivered in this method. When spray treatments are contengent on weather patterns information on changes in weather must be transferred rapidly.

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is pertinent to virtually any crop grown. The principles are to manage any pest with the least amount of money and environmental impact as possible. Ground cover management in Christmas trees is one of the most impacted areas of IPM during 1997. Three test plots studied and showed the results of using various chemicals to suppress the groundcover around trees instead of killing or mowing it. This practice is nothing new but had not been adopted by a large percentage of growers until now. Approxomately 30% of the commercial growers in Madison County have now adopted the suppresseve herbicide aproach as a result of the test plots and tours at these sites. The adoption of this practice will save time and money for the grower, improve the growth rate and health of trees, while protecting the environment from soil erosion and chemical pollution.

The late 1970's taught flue-cured tobacco producers that the disease known as blue mold can cause serious economic losses on the farm. Due to the coolest June on record, the threat of this disease became apparent to tobacco farmers in eastern North Carolina. Tobacco specialist, Dr. Tom Melton immediately recommended sprays of Acrobat MZ to combat this epidemic. According to a mail survey, eighty-nine percent of Pitt County farmers made at least one application of this protective fungicide to reduce crop losses. Ninety-three percent of the county tobacco acreage received at least one application which is valued at $115,490 in terms of potential losses. The blue mold epidemic never materialized due to Extension's alert!

The marketing of flue-cured tobacco represents the last area of production to be mechanized. In September 1997, Pitt County baled the first tobacco ever on the farm. According to estimates, 276 bales were created weighing a total of 190,746 pounds. For the five farmers who participated in these on-farm demonstrations, bales sold for three cent premiums in comparison to sheeted tobacco. This premium represented a total profit of $5,722 for the on-farm test cooperators.

Caswell County Producers have had an increasing problem with Black Shank. In 1996 I put out a test plot with a procedure using Black Shank resistant variety. I had a tour with 30 producers coming to observe. From this test we had 15 producers that switched varieties to a Black Shank resistant one. The number of acres affected was 425. These producers were averaging a 10 percent incidence in disease - in 1997 they had none. They had a 10 percent increase in yield and income in 1997. This amounted to a $255 increase per acre in income.

Cotton growers continually strive to maximize the value of inputs toward environmentally sound and profitable cotton production. The 1997 production year was no exception. Lower 1997 cotton commodity prices dictated a reevaluation of input expenses. Extension's technical cotton input educational assistance allowed 12 Craven County and Jones County cotton producers to save $102,839 in input costs.

After the storms of 1996, many farmers were financially straped for the 1997 crop year. At the request of two of our farmers, I gave them special attention for the 1997 crop year beginning with soil sampling in fall of 1996, variety selection, nutrient management plans, weeds, insect, and disease control. For liming requirements we used woodash saving them $16,000. During the growing season I made regular visits to the farms to advise the producers as to what type of management to use. As a result, even with a dry season both producers indicated they increased their net production returns by 25%.

Special rules in preparing a farm tax return creates a challenge to tax preparers who are unfamiliar with farm tax regulations. Two Farm Tax Workshops, primarily for tax preparers who have farm clients, were held. One was held in Kennansville and one in Kinston with help from NCSU Economic Specialists. Of the 61 people from the counties who attended, 47 were farm tax preparers.

The number of farm tax returns they and/or their firms normally did each year is conservatively numbered at 4300 farm tax returns for the group. Participants expressed appreciation for the workshop in helping them avoid farm tax pitfalls, and indicated interest in making a full day of it.

Stanly County has participated in local and state forage contests since 1994 and routinely provides the most entries to the state contest. Alfalfa producers have taken the top three placings, four years in a row. Fescue/orchardgrass producers consistently place in the top three slots. Entries in the open and bermudagrass classes also provide tough competition. Participation has helped earn Stanly County producers a reputation for high quality forage production. Hay sales among participants have increased an average of 30 percent. A 15 to 20 percent increase in profit has been realized due to the use of forage analysis, which provides a gaurantee of quality to the buyer. In addition, public display of hay at fair time has also been a valuable marketing tool.

In early 1997 area farmers became interested in ultra narrow row(UNR) cotton. This is a new system of growing cotton that had never been tried in N.C. Working with a local gin and experienced cotton growers I established test plots to compare net returns of UNR and conventional cotton. Yields, grades and production costs of the two systems were compiled and presented to 96 farmers at an area UNR cotton meeting. As a result over 1000 acres of UNR cotton will be grown next year wdith the potential for growers to increase profits dwhile significantly reducing equipment costs for cotton harvesters.

Diseases result in over $2 million in losses to Robeson County tobacco farmers each year. The primary disease is tobacco black shank. Until this year producers did not have a suitable variety that was tolerant to black shank. With the assistance of a commercial tobacco breeder I was able to establish 25 field trials in the county using a new variety that is tolerant to black shank. Producers assisting with these trials will be able to determine the feasibility of using this variety instead of the more commonly used varieties. Early results indicate a drastic reduction of losses to black shank in trial fields. If successful, anticipate losses will be reduced by more than 50 percent.

CEMP 08 FAMILY AND CONSUMER ECONOMICS

Wise use/ management of income is a concern in Fosyth County. CES and the Dept. of Social Services sponsored an employee program for 225 participants focusing on gaining economic self sufficiency. 106 participants chose setting financial goals and keeping good records for the rest of the year as their number one priority. 91 participant chose to work harder at reducing consumer debt and managing credit better over the year. Consumer Federation of America (Feb. 25, 1997) reports revolving debt averaged $6000-7000 for households in 1996. Of this total, $1000 per year went to interest and fees related to debt or more than 15%. For every dollar of debt reduced 15 cents will be saved in 1997.

Limited-resource families are in need of sound consumer information and advice in order to effectively manage their dwindling resources. To address this need, the Cooperative Extension in cooperation with the Department of Social Services and First Farmington Apartments sponsored house cleaning workshops for 36 participants focusing on house cleaning made easy. With the assistance from a Family & Consumer Education Agent, participants gained knowledge and skills and became aware of ways of keeping their house clean without it being costly to their budget. They learned to organize and prioritize work to get their house keeping done. As a result, 23 participants learned greater skills and adopted practices to make better use of available resources and improve their home management skills. Twenty-three (23) participants indicated they saved $1,524.00 , 3 participants were able to remain as residents at their apartment without being evicted during inspection.

In Forsyth County, there are many families who are considered working poor. Families are working but are having a hard time making enough money to meet their bills and obligations. Cooperative Extension responded to a request from the WS Housing Authority about teaching a 6-week money management program. 10 people participated in the class and 50 per cent completed it. The focus included identifying needs vs. wants, making and sticking to a budget, opening bank accounts, and reducing debt level. 30 per cent of people opened a checking account and contributes to it regularly as well as

paying off outstanding debts that totals $1800.00.

Many limited resource individuals in Guilford County who had at one time received welfare benefits experienced problems budgeting their resources once they were placed in the workforce. To address this problem a program was implemented in conjuction with the Work First Program to teach budgeting skills to these individuals. Financial Management workshops along with individual consultations were offered to sixteen Work First participants. 100 percent of the participants reported developing personal spending plans and setting personal financial goals. The participants reported that they felt that this program has helped them to become better managers of their financial resources.

A resident at the Milbrook Apartments in Winston-Salem was going to be evicted. The Housing manager contacted me to assist in training the resident in effective housekeeping. I found that it was not a problem of cleanliness, but of clutter. She was very familiar with and practiced good house cleaning but needed to become aware of how to become more organized and reduce clutter. She is a nurse and works long hours and is involved in a number of church and other activities that created an accumulation of paperwork. I familiarized her with stack shelves for cabinets and closets and cubes to clear funiture. She was able, therefore, to meet qualifications for inspection by the Housing Authority.

The Homebuyer Homestudy Course for new homebuyers reached 59 additional families in the last 6 months. Most were young single parent families, with a wide variety of ethnic backgrounds. All have secured 1st mortgages and purchased homes with an average value of $60,000. Each family completed a 100 page course and case study at thier own pace, then received individual counseling, most after the typical work day, on specific concerns not addressed by their Realtor or lender. Following completion, the certificate obtained allowed them to participate in loan programs with reduced down payment requirements and qualify for tax credits for interest payments. Each family also saved $1000 - $1500 in closing costs.

Recognizing the changing roles of women in the family, Minority Women for Change in Catawba County and Cooperative Extension collaborated to present a forum "Pathways for Minority Women in the 21st Century." One hundred fourteen minority women heard presentations on the subjects of spiritual, financial, physical, and cultural enrichment. Participants reported gaining "encouragement, practical tips and contacts for my business," "feeling better about owning my own home," "feeling better about establishing and maintaining credit," "better knowledge of ways to improve myself," "excellent information about financial planning and maintaining good credit." Twenty-two women volunteered to become part of the steering committee for 1998. One attendee initiated implementation of a workshop for potential small- and home-based business owners. Another women led the development of a heart-healthy nutrition program in the family resource center in her community. A local bank donated funding for the forum and the workshops.

One hundred fifty-seven seventh grade students at North Iredell Middle School participated in a two session money management class. Each student set at least one short term and one long term spending goal. Twenty-three students kept a written record of how they spent their money for one week. Forty-seven students made written budgets for spending and saving. Three students opened savings accounts. Thirty-three students developed long-range plans for education, a job or future work, and one student secured a summer job mowing a neighbor's yard.

A client requested information on home building. He was provided with information on orientation, window placement, insulation, energy efficiency of heating/ac units and resources of the AEC. The client studied and sought sub contractors that would follow strict energy efficient guidelines and specifications. As a result the family has a 2600 sq. ft. house with a guaranteed heating and cooling cost of $62/mo., smaller, more energy efficient AC units, and a system that has tested at only 8 cfm of air leakage. The HVAC and insulation contractors have increased the training of their crews and upgraded the quality/efficiency of their work.

As a result of participation in budgeting and credit management sessions, a resident of the women's abuse center, reports that she prevented a bad credit situation from becoming worse by contacting the loan company and informing them of her situation. As a result of their discussion, she was able to work out a different repayment schedule.

Family & Consumer Education Agent, Alexis Scott worked with a local battered women's shelter to educate battered women in the areas of financial management and job interview and resume writing skills. Classes taught in financial management covered topics such as budgeting, checking accounts, wise use of credit, and investments. Participants seemed to find the information both informative and useful. Several remarked that they were using the budget information to help pull them out of debt. One participant with a bad credit history learned how to write a letter of explanation to the credit bureau and planned to do so. One returned evaluation indicated that she would begin investing money since taking the class. Particpants taking the job interview and resume writing classes learned how to write resumes and learned tips for job interviewing. While taking the classes six participants completed resumes and one participant became employed.

There is a great need to teach senior adults how to avoid telemarketing fraud. A program on telephone fraud provided by the Attorney General's Office has been used to address this issue. The program teaches senior adults how to recognize a con artist and how to say no to their schemes. Approximately 521 persons have viewed the video. As a result of this program many of the participants have stated that they have "hung-up" on possible con artists.

The four financial investment clubs have been organized about a year and were the outgrowth of the Cooperative Extension Service's, Women's Financial Information Program. These persons (not all women) wanted to continue learning more, more than the basics of financial management, more into a realm in which they had limited knowledge and felt a lot of fear..investing! Evaluations overwhelming indicated that this opportunity to learn, grow, and research has provided they and their families with greater knowledge and most importantly skills to evaluate saving and investing options in today's marketplace. Many have said, "This has been the greatest of all opportunities that Extension has ever provided us." Individuals noted their families savings/investments have increased monthly from $200- 450. (98 perople reached in the clubs.) Now we're training club leaders to train new members and other groups.

Provided educational opportunities for citizens to learn about the medicare managed plans now available for medicare recipients in some areas of North Carolina. In Wilkes County 35 people attended a program sponsored by the Cooperative Extension Service and the North Carolina Department of Insurance to determine the advantages and disadvantages of this new type of healthcare. Fifty percent of those attending the program reported reviewing and comparing policies. Seventy-five percent requested more information from companies and the Department of Insurance. Fifty-five percent reported saving money by switching to medicare managed plans from traditional supplemental policies.

Nine older adults were trained through the IRS to assist other older adults with their tax forms. Cooperative Extension coordinated this program. 75 persons received assistance with their tax forms, and it was estimated that these individuals saved a minimum of $4000 by using this service. Comments from the clients and the tax assistants indicated the program to be of great value to those on fixed incomes as well as those who received other retirement. The district director of the program praised the tax assistants for their outstanding work.

Craven County conducted a 7-week "Women's Financial Information Program" for 60 participants. Local experts were enlisted to provide educational information in the subjects of cash flow, investments, savings, estate planning, bank services, and financial planning. Evaluations following the program indicated that 94% of participants found the course valuable for their financial future, 25% stated it had helped them discuss important financial matters with their spouse, and 55% responded that they had at least started to organize important documents and make changes in their financial situation which would help them become better prepared for the future.

Last year, Americans spent 70 billion dollars on residential remodeling projects. The Cooperative Extension Service in Guilford County, in cooperation with the Greensboro Home Remodelers Council sponsored a 3 week workshop entitled, "Nuts, Bolts, and Basics" Seminar with 55 participants weekly focusing on financing options; remodeling decision-making; bedroom, kitchen and bath remodeling projects. Completed surveys indicated that approximatly $l00,000 was saved as a result of information gained in the workshops.

In low income communities often there are many individuals with hidden talents that are never developed. This is often because gifted individuals feel they are inadequate due to low self-esteem, lack of encouragement, and opportunity . As a result of an educational program called the Forsyth Marquetters conducted by the NC Cooperative Extension Service in Forsyth County, one such hidden talent was discovered in a public housing resident who had exceptional writing skills. As a result of the educational program, this individual has developed her writing skills to the point of writing and publishing. To date, she has sold 25 books of her poetry and serves as an encouragement to others who, in spite of limited resources, are rich in many other ways.

New home owners in Forsyth County who acquire homes through Habitat For Humainity lack knowledge in home maintenance and repair. To address this, the NC Cooperative Extension Service conducted a training for 40 homeowners on simple home repairs including repair of faucets, commodes, doors, walls, and electric sockets which included demonstration and hands-on application. As a result of the training, participants reported an average savings of $200 each in their home repair expenses over an average year. This training not only taught new skills that resulted in cost savings, but also taught new skills that increased the pride of home ownership.

As a result of possible cuts in work hours/reduction in overtime pay, a local employer requested workshops at the worksite on money management topics. Programs were presented on "Controlling Holiday Spending," and Using Credit Wisely." According to the director of worksite education, one of the participants stated that he had taken the worksheets home and used them with his family. He went on to say that this will be the first Christmas that his family has not incurred credit card debt during the holiday shopping season. He was pleased with this progress and felt that his family would enjoy greater financial security in 1998.

Cooperative Extension taught classes for young mothers who are in the Work First program in collaboration with DSS and Goodwill Industries. 50 participants had never made a budget before taking the classes and constantly had problems paying bills and on time.By participating in the sessions, the participants did learn how to make a budget and the steps involved.Each participant completed a budget to fit their family's needs as well as started saving receipts to identify how much money was going out(expenses) vs. how much was coming in(income). 50 per cent of the moms adopted practices in budgeting their finances to help care for their children.

Money management is often difficult for families and individualsof all economic levels. 19 limited resource individuals attended one-on-one financial management sessions. As a result these individuals have been able to identify how their income is spent, accepted that their debt is to high for their current income, have developed a plan to repay their debt and have learned the importance of budgeting to prevent future problems. Individuals are currently working to reduce their debt.

To encourage WIC families to incorporate fruits and vegetablesinto their daily diet, the Cooperative Extension service in LeeCounty, along with the WIC Department and the NCDA Farmer'sMarket Nutrition Program are working together to provide locallygrown produce to families. $6,600 in WIC vouchers were issued toLee County WIC clients by NCDA to be used at our local Farmer's Market. The vouchers along with targeted advertising and other forms of education have encourage 370 WIC participants to increase their food buying dollars and improve the family diet by purchasing and consuming fresh locally grown produce from our Farmer's Market.

Twelve women completed the WOMEN'S FINANCIAL INFORMATION PROGRAM class Oct., 1997. Each of the women gained an increased awareness of her total financial picture, took at least one specific action to improve one aspect of her finances, and reported improved confidence in money management. Eleven women set long range financial goals. New information was obtained concerning bank signature cards with survivorship rights, debit cards, registered agent responsibilities (will), and the kinds of power of attorney. Three women scheduled an appointment with an investment representative/CFP, two with an attorney, twelve checked their bank signature cards, seven prepared a cash flow statement, eight checked coverage on their insurance policies, two began a record keeping system for the first time, and four began using the Rule of Three in making financial decision.

"I saved over $4000 on a car!" "I am saving about $50.00 a month now!" These are two of the comments heard from participants after attending a joint-county seminar sponsored by the Extension Service in Jackson and Swain counties in July of 1997. "Living with Less and Saving More" provided the 19 people who attended with strategies for saving money in all areas of their lives -- everything from transportation to grocery shopping to travel. Over half of those attended gained new ideas and put them to work. A survey sent out 6 months after the program saw some very positive financial rewards for those participants who put into practice what they had learned.

Telephone fraud costs North Carolina citizens $300 million a year. CES, in cooperation with NC Attorney General, made presentations to 352 residents in 1997 (409 in 1996) to alert them to common strategies used and to suggest ways to avoid being victimized. In 1997, 334 reported learning something new and 299 indicated that they would warn another person of the danger. Organizations of senior citizens, libraries, and senior nutrition sites were primary targets for programming as they are considered high risk targets for fraud.

Research reported in Money magazine (October, 1997) indicates that Americans overestimate the amount of income they save and underestimate the amount of funds required to achieve their desired lifestyle after retirement. To provide awareness of saving options for County employees and their spouses, Cooperative Extension and Catawba County Finance Office joined efforts to sponsor two financial planning workshops; one for employees with 5 or fewer years to retirement and one for employees with more than 5 years to retirement. More than 100 employees attended the workshops. Eight participants made appointments to review retirement savings options. Others indicated they would make appointments within six months. Additional workshops have been scheduled as a result of participants' requests.

With the desire to get off welfare, limited resource families needed to understand and learn money management principals and development of budgeting skills for the family maintenance. Sixty two participants completed all the classes (5) on money management, credit, credit profiles, home maintenance, and home ownership. Twenty are working to pay down debts, fifteen have opened bank accounts, four are trying to save for a home down payment, one has applied for a Habitat house, and the others are struggling with maintaining employment or locating employment.

Cooperating agencies were Cooperative Extension Service, housing authorities, City of Salisbury, Consumer Credit Counseling, Credit Bureau, banks and realtors.

Eighteen participants have expressed the need for one-on-one guidance and volunteers and agency staff have agreed to assist.

Churches are the community's base. Extension worked with churches, residents and congregate feeding sites on need of families to save and even plan for later years/retirement years. Three churches hosted classes for 242 people, plus 285 from congregate feeding sites. Extension provided leadership with investors, credit bureau, and medical center. Financies for later years, pre-retirement planning, credit profiles, cost of health care, social security and retirement incomes were addressed. Displays/exhibits were viewed for two weeks. Respondents (112) stated they would adopt three or more saving strategies, check status of pension plans and social security report accuracy and check credit record profile. 100% agreed to track monthly expenditures; 52 will defer more dollars until retirement. Women wanted to take Women's Financial Information Program.

Attaining and maintaining affordable housing is special need of many single and low-wage earners. Extension in Rowan County provides educational programming on home ownership, maintenance, moisture condensation/mildew, retrofitting for special needs, etc. Exhibits, displays, fairs, seminars, on-site workshops have been very successful. Fifty-seven families acquired safe housing. Recently visited disabled family living in a manufactured home on moisture problems and air movement. Extension provided guidance in identifying sources of problems, solutions, visited with electric company personnel at residence, shared with homeowner how to properly file a customer complaint and how to utilize resources to resolve problems.

The disabled homeowner has expressed gratitude that someone was willing to come out, look, offer solutions, and share resources for action. His heating bills last year were over $300 a month, thus far they are $87-93.

A founding member of an investment club that started in 1992 after an Extension Program on starting investment clubs called to report they are celebrating their fifth year anniversary with 13 of the original 17 members still participating. The club has used the principles taught by the NAIC to make their stock selections, and while experiencing some setbacks due to the withdrawal of members, necessitating the liquidation of some purchased stocks, the protfolio was increasing in value and they are continuing to conduct their research and are experiencing more confidence in their ability to select and purchase stocks that will increase in value over the long-range plan.

A Habitat for Humanity applicant who was on the full range of assistance programs was referred to me for counseling on financial matters in June 1995. In June, 1997, Millard Fuller, founder of Habitat, was at the groundbreaking of her Habitat dwelling. In between, she worked with me to keep her financial records updated as she found full-time employment and removed herself and her children from AFDC, Food Stamps, subsidised housing and child care programs, and finally Medicaid for the children. She developed her skills and her employer sent her for computer training, she has received a promotion and raise, and she is attending college at night. We identified the point at which she would meet the criteria for submission to the Habitat Family Selection Committee and she met the financial goals in her plan.

The loss of employment by a wage-earner created major credit problems when the family fell behind in payments because of using income to meet necessary needs for housing and food,etc. The family used up $8000 in savings to stave off creditors, but when that was used, they were bombarded with calls from collection agencies. As a result of meeting and discussing the situation with an agent in Family Economics, the wage-earner took the initiative and explained, over the telephone and in writing to the creditors, about their current financial situation, her search for employment and willingness to continue making regular and smaller payments until their situation improved. As a result, two creditors have agreed to restructured payment plans and one forgave some of the past interest due on the account until the situation for the family improves through reemployment.

The rise in the number of families filing for bankruptcy points to the need for increased awareness of the responsible use of credit and the need for an organized plan in paying a family's bills. To address this need the Family and Consumer Education Agent has worked to maintain a cadre of community volunteers to share basic personal finance information with their friends and families. One Buc$ volunteer shared at the last support meeting her success in finally paying off a bill so that she has one less monthly obligation. Her family has been able to reduce their debt load by $1000 over the past year. Janie has turned into an advocate for the program and does not hesitate to share what she has learned with others in her community.

Macon County Extension Homemakers and the Cooperative Extension Service sponsored Holiday Craft Fair is in it's 11th year of successful operation. The low cost, grass roots Fair features 42 local craftspersons, the 2nd week in October and draws customers from all over the Southeast. Operated as a not-for-profit enterprise by volunteers, the Fair gives many local persons the opportunity to exhibit and sell that would be unable to afford booth space at any of the other "for-profit" fairs that operate throughout the summer in this tourist mecca. Gross receipts for the 1997 Holiday Craft Fair were self-reported at $34,000 for the 2 day Fair.

One of the participants of the home buyers class called to say that she had previously taken a home buying class through the city of Rocky Mount (and a local bank) but that the Extension class was far more helpful, better organized and more inclusive. She said "now, I think I can make my way through the home buying process. Thanks."

CEMP 09 FAMILY AND PARENT EDUCATION

For years there has been increasing concern for parents and children in abusive and neglectful situations in Washington County. In response to this tragic problem, NCCES is conducting on-going Family Life Education Series throughout the year in connection with Smart Start. At-risk and court adjudicated parents are referred to these classes by the Washington Co. Preschool Interagency. Fouteen parents attended the most recent twelve week series. Eight of these parents attended atleast 83% of the time. Of these eight parents,Interagency reports improvement in the family situation and in children's well being in all but one home. Custody has been regained by two parents and another parent has not only begun work on her GED through the Smart Start Literacy Program, but also has agreed to serve as a parent representative on the Smart Start Board of Directors.

The Extension Service conducted a Lead Poisoning Prevention program to educate child care providers on the dangers of lead poisoning, sources of lead exposure, prevention methods, and tips and tools for educating parents. After attending the program, seven out of twelve providers tested for lead in their child care facility. Four of the seven facilities tested, found sources of lead and took action to remove them. Eighty two percent of the providers distributed lead prevention information reaching a total of 103 parents.

Parenting classes are a need in the county that several agencies have networked to offer. Educational classes, transportation, children's snacks, parental incentives, child care, and Sheriff deputy child care visits were provided to 24 parents who were referred by the courts system, DSS and health care workers. If this preventive education were to eliminate foster care for the 48 children involved, that would be a savings of $375 per month per child. For the 20 families involved to be removed from the DSS roles, that would be a savings of $150 per month per family. The economic impact of this proposal would total $31,500 over the six-week period during which the classes were taught. 100 percent of the parents answered "yes" to: "This class has taught me to be a better parent by teaching me to take care of myself, and to understand, teach and protect my child(ren)."

The inmate population of the Mecklenburg County Jail were reached through Parenting: Fostering Personal Growth. 226 contacts participants learned about methods to help their family members adjust, what to expect upon release and coping methods to deal with the stress of incarceration. 36 inmates received certificates for participation. Survey show that inmates have on average three children under the age of six. Focus groups and evaluations showed that information was useful to the inmates, i.e. "this program has helped me to see where some of the problems were in my marriage." Information on developing an inmate program was also provided to othere extension agents through e-mail and office visits. Smart Start funding has been applied for expansion of the program to family members of the inmates.

To help parents reduce the time their children spend watching television, Dare County Extension's Family and Consumer Education Agent presented "Don't Get Glued to the Tube" to parents of Kitty Hawk Elementary School PTA. Parents were encouraged to limit the amount of time their children spend watching television and to monitor what they view. Parents were given a variety of activities as alternatives to TV. These included reading, creative play, planning theme weeks at home and 4-H summer camping opportunities. One parent commented, "I'm so glad you suggested things to do when the TV is off. These will really help me provide affordable activities so that I can "say no" to too much TV."

Beginning February 1, 1997 I have collaborated with the Greene County Adolescent Parenting Program to organize a Parents As Teachers Teen Program. I have been deeply challenged and rewarded in working with this population. In the beginning of this class, I felt the mothers were distant and not interested in the information but one day after we finished a time line activity, a mother came up to me and said, "I am really glad you came, I enjoyed this activity." Since that time many of the girls in the program have commented on how they have learned new ideas and enjoyed the information provided in the classes. I have seen several young mothers become responsible parents who are very involved in their child's life.

One of the 13 year old students who participated in our "Sitting Safely" class has a job babysitting this summer. She informed that she will be making $5.00 per day - $25.00 per week and $150.00 by the time school opens. She is excited. She said this was the first money she had earned. She will use the money to purchase clothing for school. She also stated that she would not have been able to do this if she had not participated in our sitting safely class.

As a result of Duplin County's Community Based Alternative Parenting program one parent stated: "Parenting has given me an alternative to constant yelling. This program has taught me to really listen to what my child is saying. I never listened to my child before. Today I listen and realize that my child needs structure and positive discipline. Parenting has taught me how to build a better relationship with my children by showing them respect and giving them lots of encouragement and love."

Lack of appropriate parenting skills continues to be a problem in Iredell County as evidenced the number of cases handled by Department of Social Services, the Court System and the Child Abuse Center. There are no regular scheduled parenting classes in the county. The Extension Service has offered two series of classes in cooperation with SCAN (Stop Child Abuse Now). We reached 31 parents who attend the 8 week series. Educational information was shared regarding child development, child safety, appropriate discipline, role of parents, and problem solving activities. Parents expressed they learned much by attending the classes and participating in problem solving with other parents. From week to week they shared experiences of new ideas they had tried. Several parents asked for the classes to be continued. A few parents attended because of court recommendations and were successful in being granted return of their children or increased visitation time.

CEMP 10 FOOD AND FOREST PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING

There is a great need to increase the competitiveness and profitability of North Carolina's forest products industry. To meet this need, extension specialists within the Department of Wood and Paper Science are actively involved in providing educational and technical assistance to North Carolina forest products manufacturers. "Quality Control for Increased Profits," a two-day short course and tour was held for hardwood plywood manufacturers. The overall participant's rating of this short course as to how helpful it was in providing useful information was 4.71 (1=not helpful; 5=very helpful). One participant's evaluation summed it up best by stating,"Well done, well organized, and very informed speakers." Total attendance was 22 with 12 individuals from North Carolina.

There is a great need to increase the competitiveness and profitability of North Carolina's forest products industry. Extension programs focused on educational and technical assistance to North Carolina forest products manufacturers resulted in one sawmill operation making modifications to their dispatch system. The results reported by this one mill indicated a production gain of 10,000 board feet of lumber per day or increased income of $300,000 per year. While the entire wood products industry is served by Wood Products Extension, this one example is indicative of the many impacts accruing as a result of useful educational opportunities being provided in a timely and inclusive manner.

The lack of adequate markets for North Carolina's forest products, especially low quality hardwoods, is the primary barrier to good, long term management of the state's forests. Extension programs focused on educational and technical assistance to North Carolina forest products manufacturers resulted in the location of a hardwood chip facility and export terminal in Eastern North Carolina during 1989. In 1997, this company was contacted to determine its economic impact. To date, approximately 4.2 million tons of wood fiber have been exported to the international market with an estimated F.O.B. value of $400,000,000. Until this market was developed, the product was essentially a "throw-away" by-product for the North Carolina logging industry. This $15,000,000 investment has also led to the creation of an estimated 400 new jobs.

There is a great need to increase the competitiveness and profitability of North Carolina's forest products industry. Extension programs focused on educational and technical assistance to North Carolina forest products manufacturers resulted in one Southern pine manufacturer improving their drying of thick export material. By using Extension information and consulation to make needed corrections in wood drying procedures, this mill estimates its savings to be at least $160,000 annually. While the entire wood products industry is served by Wood Products Extension, this one example is indicative of the many impacts accruing as a result of useful educational opportunities provided in a timely and inclusive manner.

CEMP 11 FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY

Foodborne illness is a major public health problem in Forsyth County resulting from improper food handling in homes, restaurants, institutions and day care facilities. Tha Cooperative Extension Service held a 3 day food service managers certification training in food protection and sanitation for 27 managers with assistance from the Health Department and Appalachian State University. One food safety training was held for 18 child day care workers. Participants increased their knowledge and improved attitudes about the need to handle food safely. Evaluations will be done in the future to determine how many have adopted safe handling practices. The Virginia CES estimates the cost of $942 per case of foodborne illness per year. If each of the 45 participants changed behavior that reduced just one case of foodborne illness, it could mean a savings of $42,390.

To keep citizens current on new developments in food safety, Food and Nutrition Agent included safety information in nutrition programs as many people feel their food handling habits are just fine and thus, they would not attend a program strictly on food safety. For example, the proper preparation and storage of herbal oils and vinegars were included in a program on cooking with herbs to reduce sodium. In a program on heart healthy cooking, the safety aspects of serving food buffet style were covered. As result of such programs, 46 consumers adopted safe food handling practices. A positive comment from 1 participant was that she was "going home and throw out my herbal oil before I kill my husband".

Foodborne illness is a concern that effects all citizens in Surry County. 71 seventh-grade students participated in a class demonstrating bacterial transfer from hands to other people and foods. Glo-germ was used to enable students to "see" germs. One month after the class students were polled by their teacher to determine changed behaviors from knowledge learned in the class. 98% of the students report more thorough handwashing, using warm water and soap. All the students report washing for a longer time and reported observations of inappropriate food handling in their school cafeteria and in area restaurants. Students have formally requested air dryers be installed in the school to reduce waste and improve sanitation.

It is estimated that each case of food borne illness costs $79,000. During the past six months, this county has offered 4 safe food handling classes. Forty-seven county restaurant employees participated in these food safety courses. Of the participants, 90 percent of those employees that took the certification exam, successfully completed the exam. All of the employees stated they learned additional food safety information they could use immediately.

A collaborative effort between the New Hanover County Health Department and The New Hanover County Cooperative Extension Service resulted in a "Serving Safe Food" Certification Course.This was taught to 100 participants in New Hanover County of which eighty per cent were certified

Twenty-eight restaurant employees attended a ServSafe class for training on safe food handling practices for restaurant employees. The participants were given preliminary and post tests covering the course topics. Ninety-nine (99%) of those completing the class improved their test scores upon the completion of the ServSafe class. All of the participants stated they "learned" something from the class they could immediately apply in their work establishments.

With the increase concern about food borne illness and the manymedia accounts of individuals becoming sick and some even dying from contaminated food, food safety issues are a very timely educational topic. 95 individual increased their knowledge on the importance of safe food handling and the importance of proper hand washing in preventing food borne illnesses. 10 individuals learned how to can low acid vegetables in order to prevent botulism. 3 individuals had never canned before and have reported their success in canning since the class.

Food Safety continues to be a problem both locally and nationally. The Health Adventure, Cooperative Extension and several other agencies sponsored a series of programs for adults called "Hidden Kingdoms:The World of Microbes". The twelve programs and exhibits looked at both good and bad bacteria. The Extension programs focused on kitchen sanitation, safety of salad bars at restaurants, and safe holiday cooking. Seventy five attended the programs and 100 percent of the participants stated they had become more aware of causes of food borne illness and would make changes in their own kitchens and methods of food preparation. As a result families should have lower medical cost from saved visits to doctors and emergency rooms.

The need for food safety is ever increasing as can be seen by the President's Food Safety initiative. To address this need the Cooperative Extension Service in collaboration with the PPCC District Health Department sponsored a SERVSAFE food safety training for restaurants and food service organization owners and managers. Eighteen participants completed the course. Ninety percent of the participants passed the National SERVSAFE Exam. Seventeen completed evaluations and showed an increased knowledge of safe food handling procedures and an improved attitude about the need of food service workers to handle food safely. As a result, 17 plan to adopt practices to reduce the possible incidence of foodborne illnesses.

According to USDA estimates, 5 million to 33 million people become ill from bacterial food pathogens each year. As many as 9,000 people die annually. Foodborne illness poses a special risk to the elderly, infants, and the medically fragile. During a 2 1/2 month period seven food safety classes were taught at community sites. An interactive display was included as part of a Healthy Holidays Seminar sponsored by the local hospital and Cooperative Extension. 18 people participated in the display activity which involved reading the display and answering questions correctly. Comments and class evaluations indicated that participants had previously engaged in unsafe food handling practices but planned to follow recommendations learned during the classes.

In response to callers concerned about safe food handling and food preservation, 100 packets of information were distributed. All recipients gained knowledge of food safety. Random sampling showed that 80 of the people receiving the packet followed the food preservation instructions in processing their home grown fruits and vegetables.

After doing an open-line radio show on "Safe Methods for Preserving Foods at Home" we received numerous requests for information and resources. One lady called in and said after hearing the show she was going to purchase a pressure canner. "It's not worth the risk, and pressure canners aren't that expensive". Through education and media efforts, clients are deciding to make changes. Even though, this client and her mother have canned green beans in a water-bath canner in the past, she has decided to follow recommendations for safe canning and process them only in a pressure canner.

In order to promote safer food handling in food establishments, Extension planned an 18 hour ServSafe training for restaurant managers. 44 managers (36 from Orange and 8 from Durham) completed the course, and 42 passed the certification exam.(One Spanish and Chinese student did not pass the exam.) Scores ranged from 58 to 96, with an average score of 87.75. Participants reported the following changes:more handwashing, more accurate temperature checks, storing food off the floor,posting signs to help employees take temperatures and wash hands, changing procedure for storing leftovers. Several managers reported training their employees after the training.

Based on a needs assessment from restaurant managers, a 6 hour training session on food safety was held for employees. 25 employees from Orange and 9 from Durham participated in the training. A pre-test and post-test was given. With a total of 18 questions, the range of correct answers was 8 to 18 on both tests. However, the number of people getting 18 correct on the pre-test was one, and on the post-test was 19. The average pre-test score was 14.31, and average post-test was 17.97. Some of the participants indicated a desire to receive further training by participating in the manager's certification training.

Nine Day Care workers completed a Food Safety & Sanitation Workshop. They learned safe food handling practices, ways to prevent foodborne illness, good personal hygiene practices and ways to clean and sanitize classroom and kitchen equipment. All said they planned to put the information to practice.

As a part of its food safety educational program, Cooperative Extension tested 55 canner lids in which 40 percent (21) of the pressure canner dial guages tested inaccurate and needed to be replaced or adjusted. Inaccurate dial guages can lead to improperly processed home canned foods pausing great risk of bacterial contamination resulting in food poisoning. Cooperative Extension is the only agency that provides this valuable service to home food preservers. Clients stated they depend on CES to provide them with standardized processing times to ensure safe home canned products.

CEMP 12 HEALTH AND HUMAN SAFETY INITIATIVE

Many organizations recognize that breastfeeding provides a healthier start for infants and can save dollars in medical emergency and formula costs, yet many women do not breastfeed. Thus, Extension and WIC (Health Dept) developed an educational program to provide limited income women with knowledge and support to breastfeed. Robeson was 1 of 5 counties receiving federal funding to replicate the pilot program done in Wake County. The goal was to increase per cent of WIC clients establishing and maintaining breastfeeding. An EFNEP Program Assisant was hired and trained. She contacted clients in the local hospital and followed with a home visit in 72 hours; more visits were made as necessary. The program operated for 18 months. 345 clients were enrolled (more than expected). Of the 308 tracked, 95% increased knowledge of breastfeeding; 88% were still breastfeeding at 2 weeks postpartum (more than expected); and 23% at 24 weeks postpartum.

Lead poisoning in children is a major public health problem. It causes learning disabilities and reduced intelligence which take an emotional and financial toll on those affected throughout their lives. FCE agent developed a program to make people aware of the problem and how to reduce risk. Through group meetings of EFNEP Program Assistants and Robeson Health Care Corporation's parenting classes, program was delivered to 65 pregnant women or mothers of young children. 8 participants identified risk situations in their homes and indicated they would take corrective action.

Extension utilized four volunteers who donated sixty-one hours of time in teaching four Wildlife Resources Commission-approved Hunter Safety Classes to seventy citizens (primarily youth), all of whom passed the certification test.

Research indicates that diet and exercise play a significant role in the cause, treatment, and prevention of disease and conditions that affect people. As a result of joint efforts of Catawba County's Wellness Director and the FCE agent, sixteen County employees completed the Noonliting I program. Graduates lost a total of 108 pounds and walked 519 miles. Two lowered blood pressures and all achieved weight loss. Four participants met or exceeded their weight-loss goals. All participants indicated their intentions of contining to practice adopted lifestyle changes. One participant reported a decline in the amount of medicine required to control a chronic illness.

Two programs on reducing the risk of breast cancer were held in Orange County, with 29 people attending. After the program, two ladies who had mammograms found breast cancer and underwent surgery. One of the ladies said that the information presented at the workshop was very helpful to her as she went to the doctor. She carried the literature that she received at the program to the hospital with her, and it helped her understand things better and to know what questions to ask.

The Orange Co. Coalition for Immunization, made up of 26 different agencies and groups, organized, coordinated and publicized 22 special free evening and Saturday clinics to immunize children 5 and under. 700 children were immunized at these special and regular clinics. Most of these children received 2 or 3 shots, which would have cost about $91 if they had paid a provider. In direct savings, this was $63,700 to families. According to the literature, every dollar spent on immunizations saves $26 in direct and indirect costs. Therefore these savings would amount to $1,656,200.

Safety in the home is a concern for Caswell County families and a major concern for child care providers and senior adult volunteers. Extension sponsors first aid and safety classes for all interested individuals with special emphasis on these groups. As a result 24 people were certified in first aid and cpr. In addition, an indoor air quality workshop was held with 75 in attendance. Follow up contacts indicate that 30 have adopted practices associated with the topic such as selection of furnace filters, changing furnace filters regularly and vacuuming practices. As a result many are feeling that these practices are resulting in less respiratory problems.

As a result of more single parent families and two working parent families the resposibility of meal preparation is increasingly falling to children. This new responsibility leaves them vunerable to a variety of hazards such as physical injury and food borne illness. Cooperative Extension in conjuction with Selma Dept of Parks and Recreation provided a three day cooking school for nine to fifteen-year-olds. Nine children were taught basic kitchen and safe food handling skills as well as basic nutrition and menu preparation skills. At the completion of the class the children demonstrated behavioral changes in the areas of food preparation and expressed an interest in returning next year. With the average cost of an emergency room visit at 150.00 there is a potential savings of $1350 dollars and that is not including follow up treatment and care.

Hepatitis A is a highly contagious disease which is physically debilitating and costly. If a person is exposed and catches Hepatitis A they are out of work until recovery. Child-care providers particularly those who change diapers are at an increased risk for the disease. Hepatitis A is also preventable when proper hand-washing techniques are utilized. Sixty-eight adults participated in an in-service provided by Cooperative Extension Service. There risk for acquiring the disease was emphasize as well as their ability to prevent it. A Glow-Germ devise that showed the contaimination remaining on the participants hands after what they considered a good hand washing drove the point home. All of the participants stated that they would pay particular attention to hand washing from now on.

Farming is one of the most dangerous occupations in the U.S. Becoming a "Safety Conscious Farm Family," is the theme of the Alleghnay Farm Safety Program in Alleghnay. A Farm Safety Advisory Committee has been developed that functions as advisors, program volunteers, solicitors and evaluators. A Farm Safety Day was held for the Ag. Education students in both Ashe and Alleghany Counties. 14-17 year olds are at the most risk for disabling farm accidents of any age group. This was our target group. One youth claimed to have prevented a very serious accident as a result of participating in the Farm Safety Day by replacing a guard on his employees bush hog. A video was developed of a farm accident survivor who we had speak and is now being used statewide in Safety Programs.

Many farmers cannot continue farming because of a disability. Through the Agribility Program we were able to install an electric/hydraulic lift valued at over $6,000 on a farmers tractor without any cost to her. This farmer is severely afflicted with arthritis. This lift has allowed her the opportunity to continue to be independent and continue farming. Also, the Agribility has helped two other families in Alleghany continue to be productive by providing advice, special designed tools, computer and internet access, implement hook-ups, outdoor walkers, etc. One wrote in a thank you letter, "I love to farm, it gives me a feeling of worth, .... it's where my heart is."

CEMP 13 LEADERSHIP AND VOLUNTEER DEVELOPMENT

To address the circumstances of a high level of poverty in Tyrrell County (25% of our residents), the Young Extension Homemakers Club, under the guidance of the Family and Consumer Education Agent, held a coat and clothing drive. Approximately 40 people donated clothing valued at $7500. The clothing was given to those in need, and over 100 people participated in the distribution day. In addition, apparel items were donated to begin a clothing pantry for Workfirst participants. Remaining clothing was given to two local clothing pantrys. Volunteer hours came to a $600 value, for a total community contribution of $8100. As a result of this effort: one coat recipient said this was the first coat she had ever owned, a social services employee commented on the happy faces of the children who received coats, and the Young Extension Homemakers were pleased to help families stay warm this winter.

Planning adequately to provide for the increasing public Transportation needs is a major issue confronting Forsyth County and the surrounding piedmont area. To educate Elected Officials on this issue, the Cooperative Extension Service, with sponsorship from a major local industry, conducted a Forsyth County Elected Officials Seminar which focused on this topic. 45 Forsyth County Elected Officials participated to hear presentations and interact with transportaion experts on the complexities of this issue. 100% of the elected officials attending responded that they increased their knowledge of our transportation needs and their ability to make wise decisions as a result of this seminar.

Farm safety education was identified as a need by the parents of the Alexander County 4-H Livestock Club members. A volunteer system was established made up by the parents and managed by the livestock agent. The system's goal was to increase the knowledge of 100 youth and enable them to make appropriate decisions when confronted with life-threatening situations on and off the farm. Through the efforts of the 8 member committee and 79 volunteers, 115 youth were reached with 6 hours of hands on safety educational instruction in fire safety, farm equipment safety, ATV safety, sun sense, pesticides, snakes and rabies, fire arm safety, and first aid. Over $2,000.00 were secured to conduct this activity. Because of the sucess of the first farm safety camp, volunteers are eager to plan and carry out a camp in 1998.

Participants of the 1997 Master Gardener Volunteer Training Program made a total commitment to the Master Gardener Program beginning with their first class. There were 12 members in the 1997 class some of whom came from three other counties surrounding Currituck. Despite the distance these volunteers had to travel to the training classes, their devotion was shown by their excellent attendance, active class participation, and the excellent scores on their final exam. And, even before becoming certified, this exciting group of volunteers began to support the Currituck Master Gardener Association with their time and talents. In the two months these Master Gardeners have been certified, they have amassed over 100 volunteer hours working on Master Gardener Association projects, preparing newsletters and garden fact sheets, as well as, working the garden hotline. Truly, this group of Master Gardener Volunteers will be an asset to the Cooperative Extension Service.

Twenty-four Community Club leaders attended additional training opportunities to enhance their knowledge, skills, and leadership abilities. As a result, eleven volunteer leaders received either district or state recognition at the NC Volunteer 4-H Leaders Conference. Due to additional training in project book completion, 86 project books were turned in for judging and 50 Cloverbuds received participation ribbions for their completed projects totaling 136 projects.

Establishing volunteer roles of responsibility along with the acceptance of those duties by the volunteer helps paid staff increase their productivity to accomplish their specific jobs.

Through educational materials compiled in the Liaison Agent's handbook, the agent has consistently distributed information to the 18 club presidents with instructions for clarity. This process increases the knowledge, ownership and level of participation in activities relevant to the Extension Homemakers.

As a result, the club presidents are beginning to work more collaboratively to organize and follow through independently of the agent in their organization's activities.

A pressing need for many limited resource communities is improved leadership skills. The Community Voices Leadership Development program was conducted in a minority community to work towards the build of a community center, Ten men women graduated from the program. Another group of four persons will graduate soon. As a result of this program the community group has cleaned up the area, provided activities for the children and senior adults and they are applying for grants to help them build a center. They have also put their leadership skills in practice in other groups that they are involved with such as church and schools.

Members of the Rowan County 4-H Council for years had not been willing to accept responsibility for planning and organizing county wide events. The members often lacked the organizational and leadership skills necessary to put on a quality event. Adults from the Parent Alumni Leaders Association were recruited to serve as liaisons with the youth committees. For two years one leader worked with the teens to plan the 4-H Fashion Revue. At the end of the second year the leader reported the teens exhibited better organizational, leadership and teamwork skills. She noted, through observation, that the teens communicated in a more effective manner and were much more creative and confident than before. The result of their efforts was a high quality event that the entire county could enjoy.

This year's program for the Extension Homemakers annual club visits included valuable information about telephone fraud. Approximately 160 Extension Homemakers viewed a video produced by Attorney General Mike Easley about types of telephone fraud. Discussions among members indicated that several of the ladies had been called by swindlers in recent days. One lady had written a $30.00 check to someone that was asking for money for the police department. She was able to telephone her husband and have him tear up the check.

It goes without saying that a quality educational program cannot effectively operate without funding, and since the Cabarrus 4-H Program receives no operating monies from its governmental funding sources, a need was identified to raise some $14,000 to support educational programs, leadership development, and awards and incentives for 4-H members and leaders. Trained volunteers developed the budget, put together the basics of the campaign, and solicited the funds. Rather than handing out cash awards to achieving 4-H'ers, scholarships are awarded which give the members the opportunity to raise their own monies to off-set project or program expenses. Today, many Cabarrus youth are able to participate in high-quality 4-H learning experiences who otherwise would not be able to without the scholarships made possible by the budget drive.

The goal of the Apparel and Textile Task Force was to strengthen the apparel and textiles program by providing opportunities for both youth and adults. Program development would allow growth in leadership ability,self-esteem and living skills. Since this program was started, it has helped many youth grow and advance in the apparel and textiles area. One such example of this growth is shown in a 4-Her who comes from a limited-resource background. Last year she was uncertain about herself when it came to constructing a garment. This year she has taught sewing classes, competed at state clothing camp, and has done her first presentation which was in Apparel and Textiles. Because of the encouragement and type of programing provided, this 4-Her has grown in her leadership abilities, her public speaking abilities, and her self-esteem is high.

Pitt County 4-H volunteer leaders make a real difference in the quality and quantity of the 4-H program delivered to young people in the county. After initial orientation training the leaders have the opportunity to interact with other volunteers to share ideas and network. The product are 4-H programs that are exciting and challenging to youth. Master volunteer leaders often receive special training in subject areas that they share with other volunteers and as a result they strengthen the total program and expand professional and paraprofessional staff time. Through trained 4-H volunteers, the program reaches more than 2000 youth annually with quality educational programs and experiences.

As a result of Duplin County's Extension Homemakers Achievement Day Program the key note speaker wrote the liaison agent/family & consumer education agent a letter which stated the following remarks "it was a beautiful event. I was impressed with the quality of service being offered to the citizens of Duplin County through volunteerism. Having returned here last year after 38 years, it touched me deeply to witness the progress that is being made by way of the County Extension Homemakers program. It made me feel proud to know there is still a strong caring attitude prevailing."

There were 357 volunteers involved in various aspects of the 4-H program. They have given leadership to clubs, special interest groups, 4-H & youth program committee, specialized committees, master volunteer programs, school enrichment program, county, district and state leader association, and other 4-H activities and events. Youth have had an abundance of wholesome learning experiences. This has added to the quality of the 4-H program participation in projects, presentations and other 4-H endeavors. The services provided by volunteers are valued at $7,354.

Jennifer Brown joined AmeriCorps while a graduate student at NCSU. Jennifer's education and background focused on environmental studies, so she was able to lead numerous environmental education enrichment activities with over 100 youth involved in the Wake County Support Our Students Middle School After-School Program. When Jennifer joined AmeriCorps her plans were to complete one year of service then finish graduate school. Due to Jennifer's AmeriCorps experience she made a significant change in her short term goals. Jennifer applied for the National Civilian Community Corps. The selection process for the NCCC is highly competetive, but Jennifer was selected and received an extremely high score. Jennifer has since gone into the NCCC living in Denver, CO. Jennifer became a team leader and plans to finish her graduate studies next year. Jennifer also hopes to pursue a carer in Environmental Education and live and work here in Wake County.

Leslie McClintock joined AmeriCorps in the Fall of 1995. Leslie served in the NC SOS AmeriCorps Demonstratin Project for two terms. Leslie completed her service in August of 97. Leslie's passion has always been Art and Photography, but because of her financial situation was unable to pursue these studies. During Leslie's two terms with AmeriCorps she was able to engage over 100 youth in photography enrichment activities including: animation, film development, and basic picture taking. Leslie also worked with well over 200 young people in numerous art experiences such as; paper making, drawing, and painting. Because Leslie was able to successfully complete two terms of service she received over $4000.00 in educatinal awards and has been able to fulfill her dream of attending one of the top film schools in the nation, San Francisco State University.

Wake County 4-H & Youth Development received Smart Start funding to implement a grassroots leadership development program called Community Voices. This program empowers non-traditional leaders to develop to their fullest potential and solve problems in their community. One such emerging leader is Linda. She is a full-time clerical employee and mother of three young children. She entered the program feeling overwhelmed and with little confidence about preparing her children for the rigors of school. Her mind-set was one of hopelessness and despair. Through Community Voices this bright young woman has developed a sense of hope and a vsion beyond the problems of today. Linda, along with two other young participants, is in the process of developing a community vision of "Cooperative Childcare Exchange", better recreational activities for children in this rural community, and accessible informatin on early childhood development. Community Voices has helped these women, who are now helping their community.

Wake County 4-H & Youth Development has established an ongoing relationship with a new group at NCSU called Urban Outings. These NCSU students wanted to find a way that they could connect with groups of local youth to share their love of the outdoors and help motivate the young people to do their best at school, at home, and in their communities. 4-H was able to povide insight and guidance to this group, helping them to turn their vision into a reality. There are currently over 15 NCSU students who have joined Urban Outings and are comitted to volunteering their time with 4-H youth. The first 3 outings have been a huge success. The college student volunteers have gained valuable experience in how to work effectively with younger people, and the 4-H participants have been exposed to outdoor activities that they would normally not have access to.

Throughout 1997, NC Cooperative Extension Service Agents have served as advisors to the Southeastern District REINS Organziation. Agents have utilized the knowledge and skills of these volunteers to help meet the needs of clientele in their counties.

REINS volunteers in the Southeastern District have volunteered a documented 500 hours of service, valued at more than $5000, between January and October 1997. Their activities have included: providing informal education on horse care topics to individuals of all ages; planning and conducting educational seminars for horse owners; conducting Coggins Test Clinics in collaboration with local veterinarians to encourage EIA testing; conducting local educational horse-related day camps for youngsters; providing information to horse owners on disaster preparedness; and placing educational displays at county fairs and horse-related events.

One of our supportive 4-H parents has had children in the 4-H program for the last eight years. She is a very quiet and shy lady. She has traveled to Raleigh several times to see her child in presentation competition and assisted the club leader with fund raising activities. This spring, she attended State Clothing Camp as a parent. This summer, she came in to discuss the organization of a 4-H club at the church after-school site where she is the secretary. She has planned a year of programs for the club and is working with them on projects. To see her move into this leadership role has been heart-warming. She has become a leader with her youth. These new skills will enable her to grow and possibly lead to her involvement in the Volunteer Leaders Association in the future.

The annual Lincoln County Apple Festival was celebrated for the twenty-sixth time in 1997. The festival is guided by a volunteer Board of Directors with other volunteers serving on committees. With the support of the Extension Service, which began the festival and continues to provide ongoing coordination, the festival has a tremendous impact on the community. The festival was visited by over 40,000 people this year. It is estimated that over $100,000 was generated by the event with a substantial portion of that being raised by non-profit groups. Eleven high school seniors gained valuable experience and each earned a $150 scholarship for college by serving as an "Apple Core" volunteer. More than any other event, the Apple Festival pulls the community together and exemplifies its spirit. County and city governments, non-profit groups, businesses, and many others work together to make the festival a success.

The Cooperative Extension Service, 4-H Program in Cumberland County provided opportunities for 140 club volunteers to gain effective leadership skills in 4-H project completion. Youth were involved in 131 county projects, 24 are eligible for district competition. The knowledge and skills gained by youth is evident by the quality of projects submitted.

Volunteer efforts resulted in an earning of $895 in project participation.

The Citizens of Dunbar Community lists as one of their major concerns, when they participated in the Voices Reaching Visions program, the need for a program that would provide a positive and safe environment for the youth during the summer months. The idea of a summer day camp was suggested, but to conduct such a program they would need additional space. They renovated the unfinished upstairs portion of their community building. They installed central air, new carpet and secured additional tables and chairs. The summer day camp program ran from June 9 - July 25, 1997. Educational and recreational opportunites were provided for 30 youth from ages 7-12. The community received funds from the North Carolina General fund to support the program.

In order to reach horse owners with information on horse management, Extension developed the Regional Equine Information Network System. 5 new volunteers were trained in 1997 to join the current group of certified REINS volunteers in developing educational programs for horse owners in a 7 county area in the western Piedmont. The volunteer group publishes a quarterly newsletter, organizes seminars, hands-on programs and conducts farm visits and other learning activities for horse owners. In 1997, these volunteers gave 309 hours of service in designing and conducting educational programs and documented savings of $20,170 to clients as a result of educational information and assistance.

The Chowan County Fair celebrated it's 50th Anniversary and had an attendance of 16000 people. The Educational Building had 30 booths with educational opportunities with topics ranging from live alligators to heart and cancer disease. Of the total attendance, it is estimated that 50 percent viewed the educational booths. The volunteer effort for such an undertaking was more than 110 volunteers who donated more than 530 hours which is a monetary value of 5300 dollars. This effort was coordinated by NCCES which partners with the Fair Board throughout the year. NCCES was also responsible for Sr. Day, a reception for Commissioner Jim Graham and Outstanding Farm Families. The fair provides an opportunity to market all areas of extension to many people of this area's diverse population that may not otherwise have the opportunity to benefit from the programs offered.

Long term participation in 4-H has proven to be beneficial to youth who choose to enroll in agricultural courses in high school. Their 4-H leadership skills makes membership in Future Farmers of America a natural extension of 4-H leadership.

Eric Westbrook, President of the South Johnston FFA Chapter, has been in 4-H since he began school 13 years ago. "I am the president of the chapter because of the skills I learned in the 4-H presentations. So many of my friends are scared to talk in front of people. It was easy to me." Eric has also served as an officer of the Bentonville 4-H Club which has produced several local and regional FFA officers at South Johnston.

4-H programs cooperate with the local FFA programs to facilitate opportunities in livestock and horse management for Johnston County high school students.

The simplest form of thanks can be enclosed in a picture frame to a volunteer. Thirty-two Home Volunteers received such Certificates of Appreciation for their 20 plus years of service to their community. The seniors ranging in age from 60- 80+ had contributed more than 900 hours helping other senior citizens with limited mobility. During the Annual North Mecklenburg Christmas Event, the seniors were stunned, surprised and thoroughly appreciative of their tokens of appreciation. The eldest member (who will never admit it!) continuously rants and raves about her 25-year special certificate. She stated "this is the first time the volunteers have been given certificates for their many years of service." During my last home visit with her, I was given a brief tour of her "wall of recognition" on which she now proudly displays the 11 x 14 gold-framed certificate awarded by CES.

In early 1996 Extension was asked to assist in involving the community in locating a manned Recyling container site in the Putman Community. A committe was formed to represent the diverse population of the community. The committe was made aware of the potential for the existing site to be closed if a new site could not be secured.The committe was informed of site specificiations. Meetings were conducted for one year and citizens were involved in trying to locate a new site but were unable to secure a site. The county closed the existing site. According to the Public Works Director,an annual savings of $55,600 in transportation and disposal cost were realized from closure of the site. His comments were "I,m so thankful this committe was formed and was actively searching for a site prior to the forced Putman Site closure. Most people were well informed and therefore complaints have been mimimal.

Extension Homemakers are making significant impact in addressing community issues through financial support, volunteerism and advocacy. Recruiting new members and developing leadership skills is crucial for this organization to continue being a positive force in the community. In an effort to increase membership, three Extension Homemaker leaders began a campaign for recruitment and leadership development. As a result of this four month campaign, 13 new members were recruited and one new club was formed. Four of the 13 new members are currently in leadership roles and are helping to develop new avenues for delivering educational programs to young families.

President of the Extension Homemakers Asasociation is Johanna Hinson. She credits the organization for the providing the oppportunity for leadership training which she has used in community and church also. She has used public policy techniques in a community organization in the minority area she lives in. She also serves on several boards of other organizations and continues to volunteer for extension activities.

To award the county Extension Homemakers Association and to market their partnership with the Cooperative Extension Service, the agent nominated the county association of approximately 200 members for a Nine Who Care Award from WSOC-TV, Channel 9 (ABC network). The group was chosen as one of the nine finalists from their county, and was consequently one of the 39 finalists from their region. They received regional newspaper and television publicity. Along with many other contributions, the association has given $10,500 in college scholarships during the past six years and has contributed $1200 for nutrition improvement in Haiti, and 2,834 "Books for Babies" to the local hospital.

Watauga County held its 42nd Annual Farm City Banquet on November 6, 1997 with 286 citizens attending. Community leaders and volunteers in Watauga County are developing a linkage between the CES, Boone Area Chamber of Commerce, ASU and other local organizations to recognize the citizens and communities in the county for their contributions to the county. Sixty (60) volunteers were presented awards. Volunteer leaders gave approximately 1200 hours which impacted an estimated $92,750 value to citizens. This volunteer recognition program pulls the total diverse community together and gives continuity to volunteers studying issues and solving community problems.

Caldwell County Manager approached the Extension Center with a need for leadership training for the county's department heads. An educateinal program focusing on leadership development was provided to department heads and their support staff(34). Participants learned "Covey's 7 Habits" and how to apply these principles to their professional and private lives. By Extension conducting the training a savings of $6290.00 was realized by the county. Also as a result of the session, the Extenion staff was asked by the director of the EMS to conduct a similar training for his supervisory staff. Fourteen were trained at this session for a saving of $2590.00 for the EMS Department.

The Cumberland/ Hoke County Master Gardener Volunteers have volunteered 1370 hours for the 1997 year at $10/ hour that is a savings of $13,700. They have been a great asset to myself, themselves and the community. Because they are such great help, I am able to plan and impliment more programs and projects for the county residents. They are able better care for their personal yards and homes. The county residents have trained horticulture people to listen and help solve problems.

The devastation of two hurricanes during the 1996 agriculture growing season left many in the rural areas of Onslow County in financial difficulties. Adding to their burdens these farm families and also those who fished the local waters for a livelihood, were eligible for so little assistance after the hurricanes. Upon identification of this as a need of the citizens in the county, a committee was established to help seek some type of funding to offset their daily or monthly costs of living. NCCES-Onslow,The Daily News,and Onslow Community Ministries applied and received a Farm Aid Grant in the amount of $15,000 for use by rural families effected by the devastation. Each client could receive up to $300. $5349.07 was issued back out to clients who ended up applying for assistance. Local System: wayne
Person Reporting: Sandra Head

Extension Homemakers in Wayne County have held a "Best Spring Yard" contest for years to promote good landscaping practices. In order to bring education about this topic to more people, EH members teamed up with an extension horticulture agent and a local video production company to produce "Home Landscaping:Tips on Design, Plant Selection, & Management." Using the top three winning yards in the best yard contest, this broadcast quality video narrated by an extension horticulture agent was produced. The video was used for numerous club and organization programs and was shown many times on a local cable tv channel. After seeing the video during a club meeting, many EH members took turns taking it home to re-watch because "of the great information it provided."

In response to a need to encourage children to eat healthier snacks, ten teen 4-H volunteers provide provided nutritious snacks programming to 600 plus youth as part of the Library's "Get Cooking with Books" summer reading program. The NC Cooperative Extension Service in Yadkin County provided training to the volunteers on easy to make healthy and nutritious snacks. These volunteers provided the children with hands-on demonstrations for ten easily prepared nutritious snacks. Each participant received an age appropriate miniature cookbook of the recipes so they could be tried again at home. Funding for the snack food and supplies was provided by the Yadkin County United Way.

The regional Western North Carolina Communiuty Development Steering Committee identified Rural Leadership Development as a major problem. In 1997, a one-day leadership workshop, "Planning Your Community's Future" was held. Two hundred and seventeen people attended this workshop. Three main areas of concern were emphasized: economic development, resource conservation, and our regional heritage. Among those networking with the CES were: Mars Hill College, WNCDA, Mountain Resource Center, Cherokee Indian Reservation, Rural Development, NRCS, Department of Commerce and Community Assistance, and Downtown Waynesville Association.

As a result of this program: thirty-three percent stated that they received information they used in local projects and initiatives (via survey), and ninety-nine percent indicated they would attend another regional workshop. This Community Development workshop is now an annual event.

The Cooperative Extension Service needed the Rowan County Extension Advisory Leadership Council to be instrumental in advising the staff in program direction, and in effecting and interpreting a TOTAL Extension program to the publics when asked. We have introduced the ALS council members to the staff's educational programs and delivery modes with on-site visits when possible. New members received Orientation training and interacted with members of the state ALS board. All members received operational notebooks outling roles, responsibilities, Extension's mission and goals. Ten members expressed appreciation of the training and the full council shared positive feedback and compliments on learning the broader picture of Extension. They participated in implementation of Farm City Week Celebration, and recently hosted an Appreciation Breakfast to thank local volunteers and county management and elected officials. Council officers visited and reviewed ALS councilsd insurrounding counties to help in preparation of 1998 programming.

Ashe County Schools currently employ only one registered nurse to perform all health checks for students. Ashe County Schools Health Education Coordinator and the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service collaborated with Ashe County Extension Homemakers to help with vision screening. Fifteen Extension Homemakers were trained to be certified vision screeners. They screened 576 elementary students.

Eighteen Ropes Challenge volunteers received 48 hours of training in rock climbing/rappelling and caving resulting in 120 hours of volunteer leadership to the 4-H Ropes Challenge and Wilderness Experience Program. As a result of the effort of 128 volunteers 857 children were direct recipients of gifts, food and clothing for Christmas. Volunteers raised over $459,000.00 in donations, gifts and food for the project.

Marketing Extension and the Master Gardener Volunteer program is an on-going effort. A suggestion from the MGV advisory committee was to propose that the newspaper include a "question of the week" from the Master Gardener Hotline on the weekly garden page. Two volunteers now contribute these articles. They have been well received by both the newspaper and the public. Nine articles were printed in 1997. Circulation is 60,000. Articles not only educate homeowners about a common gardening question, they also promote the services provided by the Extension Service and the Master Gardener Volunteer program.

The Currituck County Extension Homemakers Association is a dedicated dynamic volunteer force in Currituck County. They have made great strides over the years and continue to be one of the major forces in community service efforts. We have the largest membership in the NE District and led the District Council with the President from Currituck in 1997. We hosted the district issues training, District Day, and each of the District Board meetings. On the local level our Eh members have hosted: 1- Currituck Craft Fair which lends opportunity for local craftsman to earn income. 2- International Day with hopes to strengthen global awareness. 3- County Commissioners Reception including a brief accomplishment report. 4- The 45th Annual Christmas Tree Lighting program for community togetherness. and 5- 8th annual Christmas Parade for family stregthening. They also contribute to many charitable organizations.

As part of continuing education and volunteer development, the Currituck Master Gardener Volunteers sponsored an Advanced Training for Master Gardener Volunteers for northeastern North Carolina and southeastern Virginia. The Currituck Master Gardeners secured the use of a facility for the event, as well as coordinate lunches to order, and refreshments, and speakers for the training from the Extension Staff at North Carolina State University. This event was expertly planned and carried out by the Currituck Master Gardeners very professionally. Some 80 Master Gardeners, of which most were from Virginia, that attended this training, left with a sense of great accomplishment. These participants gave this Advanced Training an overall rating of 4.55 out a possible 5.0 (Outstanding),and with comments like; "well organized", "great day", "excellent", and "the hospitality and decorations were great". This was a total commitment from some fine North Carolina Master Gardener Volunteers from Currituck County.

During the 1996-1997 SOS school year, 134 students were serviced by 30 Volunteers for 500 hours. This year 60 Volunteers contributed 1000 hours, a 100 percent increase. These additional hours were given to provide our community with numerous services channeled through our newly formed, "Community Service" club. This club met every Monday and the students from the 7th and 8th grade, our teen volunteers from the high school, and adult volunteers did the following: l. Recycle the paper from the school. 2. Pick-up trash along the highway, as part of the "Adopt-a-highway" program. 3. "Adopt a Grandparent" program. Some of our students adopted some grandparents at Sentara Nursing Center and brought them gifts, spent time with them, and read to them. I am not sure how you put a monetary value on these services, but Currituck citizans are clearly benefiting.

Several counties in eastern North Carolina have experienced an alarming increase in the number of reported cases of rabies. Jones County horse program volunteers, both REINS and 4-H, responded to this public health threat with an educational outreach program. They recruited 4-H members to help produce and distribute an educational brochure on the transmission and prevention of rabies. They also prepared an exhibit to display at county fairs and other high traffic public areas. In addition, volunteers recruited area veterinarians to sponsor clinics which provided rabies vaccinations for horses. Over 3000 people were informed through the program during the year and several animals received their first rabies vaccinations as a result of the efforts of the volunteers.

The organizational structure for the Extension Homemakers is clearly defined. Rockingham County had a new group of County Council Officers for 1997. The position of First Vice-President was difficult to fill, but at last a member from one of the clubs accepted the nomination made by her club president. This is the first time this individual has served in an office or on a committee at the county level.

This individual has accepted committee assignments and has evolved into a key member of the EH County Council Organization. She has demonstrated the abilities to serve on and chair a committee. Recently she and her committee planned, organized and carried out EH Day Trip. This trip was conducted totally without Extension staff participation. Forty-four club members went on this trip and evaluated it as a success. This example demonstrates the abilities of our volunteer management systems to operate and thrive.

A need exists for homemakers to develop leadership skills, self-confidence and strong self-esteem. Colleen Stadler, a homemaker who joined Extension Homemaker 39 years ago when she married and started her family, has evolved into not only a local leader, but District and State leader. She has attended National EH and FCE meetings as a voting delegate. Over the years Colleen has developed outstanding leadership and group facilitation skills. She has developed confidence in her leadership abilities. This year she was inducted as EH Northern Piedmont District President. She lead the committees which planned and executed the District Fall Issues Training Day and Meeting. She has recruited, encouraged and trained other EH members to assume leadership positions. Colleen's career with EH is truly a "success story."

the lack of leadership skills and developing effective volunteers is a major issue in franklin county. the inability to conduct meetings, use parlimentary procedures, communicate with various leader styles caused problems, confusion, and frustration in many organizations, boards, businessses, groups, etc. leadership in the 21st century (workshop series) trained leaders, potential leaders, etc. to effectively manage and conduct any group business. graduates of this program have(1996 - 1997) becomes leaders on local school,civic and community committees(PTA, BROAD, LACER CAMP) elected county school boards, served as team leaders in businesses(CP&L), churches, and others plan to run for county elections.

Establishing volunteer roles of responsibility along with the acceptance of those duties by the volunteer helps paid staff increase their productivity. Through educational materials presented by the Liaison Agent and other CES staff 18 club presidents participated in quarterly leadership training sessions. This process increased their knowledge, by 50 percent as demonstrated when presented to their individual clubs. Gave ownership and also increased their level of participation in activities throughout their church and community. As a result, the club presidents have begun working more collaboratively to organize and follow through more independently in their organization's activities.

The issue established and supported through ALS,Today and Tommorrow Survey was the lack of any recreational facilities for Camden County. Through volunteer committee input and finacial assistance from County School Board,County Commissioners and PARTF Camden Community Park was established consisting of multiply playing fields and courts

and boating acsess. The project cost was $100,000 of which we served as cordinating agency with assistance from several sister organizations. This facility at present has served over 700 youth for 120 days in an organized fashion and additional particapation by citizens of all ages from Camden.

The project used by Chadbourn Extension Homemakers was the Chadbourn Schools reading project. The association provided financial support to help equip a Reading Renaissance Room where students go to improve their reading skills. Six Extension Homemaker members volunteered their time at the elementary school to help students with reading.

CEMP 14 MARKETING AND PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURAL OPPORTUNITIES AND ENTERPRISES.

Jeff McPherson of Robeson County has implemented an overall small farm business and marketing plan for 8 acres. Jeff attended the 1996 Fruit and Vegetable Expo in Greeensboro and put several ideas into action. Some 15 different horticultural crops are being grown with the use of drip irrigation and plasticulture.A small roadside stand has been installed and is being operated under the "honor system". Jeff is using double cropping as a means to increase his net income.In just 6 months he has generated significant income from early sweet corn and squash.Jeff expects to gross $20,000 during 1997.Jeff plans to market 100% of his produce locally. 8 acres is under fully automated drip system.

The Horse Industry in Currituck County is fast becoming a viable alternative to local traditonal agricultural production. Through the establishment of the Regional Equine Information Network System (REINS) our office is better able to provide educational information and assistance to client. To date 7 volunteers have been certified to provide technical assistance to operators. Volunteers have received 32 hours of training and passed the certification exam. Volunteers are assisting both youth and adults with recommended practices. The horse industry cash farm income continues to grow and horses in Currituck now numbers 300.

In spring of 1997 3 acres of contract medicinal herbs were planted in Surry County. Contract prices of up to $2,600 per acre per year for up to 4 years will be received by these producers. The herbs grown were Valarian, Echinacea, and Goldenseal. These herbs will be harvested for their root crop up to 4 years from now. Additionally a greenhouse operator was contracted to grow dandelions as transplants. These were shipped to other planting sites in the state. Production of medicinal herbs offers on an acreage basis offers tremendous alternative opportunities for Surry County where tobacco acreage predominates as a field grown crop. The per acre value at current levels also offers a profitable crop alternative.

Bobby Williams, Columbus County's participant in the Ways to Grow program, showed how presistence works. Bobby Williams has done well with his strawberry project on black plastic with drip irrigation and overhead for frost protection. Bobby's farm produces strawberries that are real sweet. They seem to taste a little better than other growers and his customers just keep coming back. Bobby grossed over $13,000 this year; being a super year. Even though Bobby's strawberries were producing good and selling good, he could not seem to get first place in the strawberry festival in Chadbourn. Although Bobby got 2nd place twice, and his daughter got 2nd place once, he could not quite get first. BUT, this year Bobby had the Number 1, first place flat of strawberries which sold for $1,500 with Bobby getting $900. So, "Bobby, your hard work paid off big time".

There has been increased interest in the production of fruits and vegetables and selling them in the retail market. This interest is from tobacco farmers and others who have small acreage and want to make it profitable. 96 farmers attended two area vegetable production meetings and learned about marketing opportunities, disease control, trickle irrigation, cantaloupe, watermelon, and specialty crop production. An alternative agriculture demonstration was planted and included an onion trial, a lettuce trial, and a specialty crops demonstration including lettuce, chinese cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, onions, cabbage and honeydews. Prior to harvest, 44 farmers attended a tour to learn more about growing these specialty crops, record keeping, selling on the internet, running a pick-your-own operation, growing strawberries, and greenhouse production. As a result of these efforts, 70 farmers have expanded their operations to include fruits and vegetables. This increase in production is worth over $1 million.

Upon request I went to a producer's tobacco greenhouses to look at a few spots of disease. It appeared to be Collar Rot. He had already sprayed with Rovral and it appeared that the Collar Rot was under control, but the roots didn't look too good. I sent a sample of the plants to the insect and disease lab. On Friday at 5:00 p.m. Dr. Gerald Peedin sent me an e-mail saying the plants had Pithium Root Rot. I called him to see what needed to be done. He said the grower needed to get Ridomil in the water bed as soon as possible. I visited the grower and told him what he needed to do. By Saturday noon he had Ridomil in all 3 houses. He was raising plants to sell. If he had lost them it would have cost him $50,000.

With assistance of the Chatham County Extension Center, 28 local farmers have developed a new farmers' market in the town of Pittsboro. Apparently, the timing was right, as there was a good turnout of growers, as well as customers. Many growers are reporting sales at the Pittsboro market that exceed there sales at other established markets in the area. The market is enjoying strong support from the community, as indicated by letters and favorable comments from both the town and county managers and participation in the market by one of the county commisioners. Estimated gross sales for the market in the first twelve weeks is approximately $40,000.

A local sweet corn grower called to tell me that he had lost his biggest buyer of corn, and had lots of corn ready to sell. He was concerned that he would not be able to sell the corn, which would result in a loss of several thousand dollars in income. I gave him information about selling at the Piedmont Triad Farmer's Market, called the market manager to help arrange for the farmer to sell immediately and gave him several farmer's telephone numbers to call who were already selling at the market. He was able to sell at the market the very next day and continued to sell there for several weeks. He later told me that he appreciated my help and that he had sold over $10,000 of produce at this new market.

The Cooperative Extension Service participated in the flue-cured tobacco baling project. This project covered the five major tobacco producing states and involved over 200 farmers. In our area, 20 local farmers chose to bale some of their crop. We baled over 1 million pounds of tobacco, which was sold for an average of 10 cents a pound higher than non-baled tobacco generating $100,000 in increased income.

There are 20 area strawberry growers. Frost, spider mites and diseases cause the biggest reduction in yield once plants have been successfully transplanted. Fifteen of these growers followed Extension's recommendations in terms of when to frost/freeze protect their crop and when to apply the needed fungicides and miticides. They increased their yield by an average of 10,000 pounds, generating over $150,000 dollars in income.

In response to an identified need for a local market by the commercial vegetable growers advisory committee the Onslow county extension office led in the formation of a steering committee to plan the opening of a farmers' market. The Greater Jacksonville-Onslow Farmers' Market opened May 10th, 1997 and remained open each Wed and Sat through November. Six growers sold on a regular basis with a total of twelve selling at some period. In seven months a total of $10,500 worth of WIC produce vouchers have been redeemed which growers indicate by survey represented 10-25% of their total sales for the season. Plans are to reopen in March of 1998.

Strawberry producer who grows on black plastic with drip irrigation & fertilization program had excellent crop. Wondered if he could follow with another crop. Ag. Technician and cooperator checked on different crops and decided pumpkins might be best. After killing off berries, cooperator seeded pumpkins the first of June with plant tissue analysis and followed recommended exact fertilization. By Halloween he had a field full of the finest pumpkins you ever saw. By double cropping, the farmer made $7,000 more dollars on the same black plastic from the berries with very little expense.

Pastured Poultry (PP) was identified as an opportunity to meet the need of an alternative income producing commodity. The concept was introduced to me at a Sustainable Small Farm Conference in Arkansas. The PP Demonstration was conducted with the Ag. Education students at the High School. The chickens were hatched by the 4-H Embryology Program and were raised for 8 weeks in a floorless cage that was moved daily to fresh, clean pasture. The Ag. Ed students and volunteers processed the birds which were sold to local citizens. The $3.94 profit per bird went to the FFA. Customer evaluation was excellent with 19 families interested in buying 172 birds in a 3 month period. 85% rated PP a 10 on a scale of 1 to 10. This is an excellent alternative income opportunity. One 4-Her is doing PP this year.

CEMP 15 NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT

The 4-H Program was asked by an elementary school to provide a science/environmental program to their students in grades k-5. Their reason was to inspire their students to design science fair projects. The program was conducted in January with the help of Soil Conservation, Park Rangers, and North Carolina A&T University. Grades 3-5 were encouraged to present science fair projects through an additional program. 4-H followed up with a visit to the elementary school to judge the projects. Over 87 percent of the students entered a science fair project. One project competed at the State level. Sprouting from this program came various other environmental programs that numerous schools requested. Through the recycling and composting programs Leonard Hicks and Joanna Radford presented, there has been 3 compost bins, 2 vermiculture projects, and numerous nature trails put into the schools. Over 1500 children participated in the additions to their school.

Hurricane Fran damage was still a concern in the first part of 1997 in Wayne County.Clean up & salvage of damaged timber was high on the priority list. I conducted an educational program in which 50 private woodland owners recieved technical information with which they can now make informed decisions concerning salvaging their timber and the losses they incurred and what steps they can take to reduce their taxable income,and improve their economic and long term sustainability.

The LEAP program, Local Environmental Awareness Program, has provided education to 130 youth this year thus far. As a pilot in one Middle School it was highly successful. Pre-tests and post-tests have shown 93.8% of the participants increased their knowledge of and appreciation for the environment. Classroom incorporation of supplied lesson plans was good and was well recieved. Plans are to expand the program to additional schools this year. Another goal is to share this program with other counties so that youth elsewhere can benefit from this program.

I received a call from a woman that had inherited the family farm about 10 years ago. She told me that she and her husband had decided to sell the few valuable trees left on the farm. They talked with a buyer they knew and got his offer of $13,000. Both were amazed at the value of such a few trees. Someone in their neighborhood that had used Extension's assistance on forestry management, suggested they call us for advice. From their description of age, acreage and species, we suggested they discuss timber cruising, sealed bids, and consultants with us. Eventually they sold their timber through an organized sale for $34,000. Making $21,000 more than what they thought was a great price to begin with made them very grateful for the help Extension provided.

800 students participated in NC-DEHNR's "Love A Tree" program with students planting acorn seed and learning the imiportance of planting trees. They also learnrned more about the biological and natural world in which they live within. The students gained ecological awareness which will increase their apperception and hopefully in participation in conservation, biological diversity and ecosystem management. Youth development was gained through school enrichment along with sound conservation practices.

As Mecklenburg becomes increasingly urban, many children are not aware of their natural environment. As a part of the 4-H Summer Fun team, I conducted two classes for Extension on "Knowing Your Surroundings." 35 children were shown how to discuss, write, and draw their school yard. They created maps of the area, noted how they felt about the landscape, and how to improve it. Pre and post test scores on "Knowing Your Surroundings" changed from 40% to 70%.

Hurricane Fran's devastation offered the opportunity for Extension to network with Farm Services Agency, Natural Resources Conservation Service and N.C. Forest Service on a collaborative program. A Hurricane Recovery Meeting was conducted involving resource persons from all agencies. Each reminded participants that trees are a renewable resource and should be managed as such. As a result of an Extension Hurricane Recovery Meeting, 149 landowners worked with appropriate agricultural agencies and tax professionals to develop and implement marketing or cleanup plans, management plans, accurate casualty loss, and tax liability reduction strategies.

The 4-H Neuse River Project's objective is to increase awareness of and to educate against pollution in the Neuse River Basin. Our mascot "Messie," the Loch Neuse Monster introduced the project in the Kinston Christmas Parade. An audience of 25,000-30,000 people observed "Messie's" environmental message. Twenty-six youth and five adults carried decorative posters bearing pollution solutions and a moving Chinese dragon-like "Messie". Thirty fourth and fifth graders made the fish posters with water pollution solutions and one-hundred percent had seventy-five percent recall on the fifteen pollution solutions when tested by their teacher.

Because of the parade's success, thirty-two teens voted unanimously to create an environmental skit, using the parade display, to perform at the Southeast Region Episcopal Youth Conference before an audience of two-hundred fifty youth and adults.

Over the last year we have conducted workshops on conposting and composting with worms (vermiculture) for 1394 students. We supplied worms, worm bins, and two compost bins. Cafeteria waste, paper, and yard waste was used in both programs. We now have 6 classrooms with worm bins, 2 schools with ongoing compost programs. Teachers are using composting and vermiculture composting as part of the science program. A fifth grade class used worm castings to fertilize half of a planting of pansies at school to show the value of vermiculture composting. Three 8th grade students started worm bins at home using table scraps.

Household waste disposal in Ashe County is continuously monitored to encourage source reduction practices. Two hundred fifty six 5th graders gained knowledge in household waste management and recycling during Environmental Field Day.

Total amount of garbage placed in Ashe County landfills has decreased while the amount of recycling has increased.

Gaston County has 160 community wells. Since 1988, 8 wells have been contaminated affecting over 250 households with remediation costing over $4 million. The Quality of Natural Resources Commission (QNRC), a County Commissioner appointed group coordinated by the Cooperative Extension Service, identified protection of these groundwater resources as a high priority. Wellhead protection areas were deliniated and volunteers conducted inventories of potential contamination sources on each of the wellhead protection areas. As a result of this effort the National Groundwater Foundation has designated Gaston County as a Groundwater Guardian Community. The County Board of Commmissioners has established a committee to determine ways to institutionalize this process began by volunteers into county departments.

Timber prices are expected to raise dramatically in the South East over the next decade. As these prices raise it becomes more and more important to educate timber owners on the value of their timber and inform them of proper selling techniques. During 1997 several timberland owners were reached either through the Forestry Stewardship Program or a county meeting on forest management. These efforts helped spread the word against selling at low prices to a single buyer. Reports of sealed bids and tracks being sold at prices that made the neighbors stand and take notice were heard in several communities. The battle of helping land owners understand the value of their forestry asset and how to increase that value has only begun; but it has begun.

Now, more than ever, demands are being placed on private lands to provide recreation, hunting, and educational use for North Carolinas growing population. Many landowners choose to open their lands to invited guest and accept the responsibility to provide protection for their guest. From the interest in this area, Cooperative Extension focused on a program that would provide landowners with the major laws which effected North Carolina landowners liability and the responsibilities that landowners have for invited and uninvited users of their property. When participants were asked by survey, 100 percent said that they had learned new concepts or gained a better understanding about forestry and landowner liability, and that they could utilize this information for their situation. Most of the comments and responses indicated that they were unaware of these liability issues prior to this program. From this program it helped landowners limit their liability on their property.

Marketing timber is a major economic decision for most landowners and for many is done once in a lifetime. Selling timber can be complicated and requires specialized knowledge. The Cooperative Extension Service is constantly providing educational information and assistance to landowners about forestry, forest management, and marketing timber. Many issues are covered such as the basics of timber measurement, factors effecting prices, and taxes. Dealing with Professional Foresters is strongly recommended and encourged. In this area there have been some unscrupulous timber buyers who will gouge unknowing landowners. From feedback received from providing the educational assistance to landowners, Extension has helped landowners receive thousands of dollars more for their timber, saved considerably in taxes, and helped ensure proper management, from the preharvest to replanting.

Beach erossion continues to be a severe broblem in Brunswick County. A cooperative program between the beach towns in Brunswick and the Cumberland County facilitated the delivery of 2500+ Christmas trees that were utilized in beach stabilization projects. The Dept. of Prisons provided the labor for laoding and unloading these tree. Four miles of eroded beach was stablized through this project.

CEMP 16 NUTRITION AND WELLNESS

Many Extension Homemaker Association members live with the fear of handling health emergencies with themselves or with elderly husbands. To foster confidence for this situation, the Extension Service networked with the Red Cross educator to offer training, "What To Do 'Til Help Arrives." Club leaders were trained, and they in turn trained approximately 200 club members, plus family members, friends, neighbors and community groups. Those in attendance for the training felt more knowledgeable about dialing 911, relaying proper information, having clear house numbers, understanding the simple whys and whats of CPR, and learning the recommended emergency first aid steps of "Check, Call, and Care." This program may save several N.C.lives.

Stroke is the number 3 leading cause of death, and the number 1 cause of disability. Stroke Alert programs were presented at four senior citizen sites throughout the county, reaching 74 citizens. All in attendance agreed to find out their blood pressure and cholesterol readings, to increase their consumption of fruits and vegetables, and to lower their fat intake. They reported increased knowledge, skills and aspirations, and changed attitudes, to reduce their risk of chronic disease. Further dissemination of stroke alert information was by request from a family and consumer sciences public school teacher to share with her mom, co-worker, and high school classes. She respected NCCES as an up-to-date resource for research-based information.

We often wonder the effectiveness of requested materials -- whether its ever used and value to recipient. One homemaker requested information concerning monosodium glutamate, after suspecting that she was experiencing extreme allergic reactions (when eating foods containing MSG). She recently visited our office to share the impact she has experienced after using the information. She stated a saving of $700+ and equated this to loss of income from home-based business, savings from extra tests/medical visits, and inability to perform daily activities. After receiving information, she was to eliminate foods containing MGS, which was causing the debilitating effects.

Heart disease is the number one killer disease in Forsyth County. Cooperative Extension sponsored a 9 week "Give Your Heart a Healthy Beat" series with 14 participants focusing on positive diet, exercise and lifestyle changes. The majority attended every class and completed homework challenges weekly to make positive changes to their diet and lifestyle. An evaluation done at the last session showed that some participants had lost weight, lost inches, lowered cholesterol and blood pressure, stopped smoking, plus other family members benefited by improving eating habits. With an estimated $30,000 saved per patient per year if heart disease is avoided, there is a potential savings of $900,000 if the participants in this series avoid the condition this year.

Cardiovascular disease and diabetes affects thousands of Forsyth County residents each year. Tha Cooperative Extension Service formed a "Healthy Living Lunch and Learn Support Group" in September 1996 and it has continued to meet bimonthly for a low fat, pot luck luncheon, program on a topic about healthy eating, and informal table top discussion where members can share ideas on low fat, high pleasure foods. Most group members already had diagnosed CVD and/or diabetes or had family members with these conditions. One member reports a weight loss of 20 pounds since the group was organized. Another, who was a member of a spring '96 Noonliting series, has lost 75 pounds, lowered cholesterol and blood pressure as a result of applyling principles learned. One member's motto has become: "Learn to change your attitude and you change your health." It is evident that members are learning, changing attitudes and improving their health.

Forsyth County has the highest infant mortality rate of any urban county in NC. As one method to attack this problem the Cooperative Extension Service has used Smart Start funds to hire a nutrition program assistant to teach the "Hey! What's Cookin'?" nutrition education program to pregnant teens and women under 25. 29 pregnant young women have been enrolled in the program this year by working in cooperation with WIC, the Health Department and the school system. Studies show a savings of $14,000-$30,000 if low birth weight is avoided for one infant. Since Extension's nutrition education program helps pregnant women understand the importance of weight gain to deliver a healthy baby, there is a potential savings to these mothers and ultimately to tax payers of an average of $638,000. Unfortunately there will be no funds to continue this program after June 30, 1997.

Diabetes contributes to about 195 deaths each year in Forsyth County, affecting 12,071 citizens and 12,071 others who have not yet been diagnosed. In one year, hospitalizations related to diabetes in Forsyth County cost $25,828,959. The Cooperative Extension Service has actively participated in a county wide "Diabetes Today Coalition" composed of 51 representatives from agencies that work with diabetics. A grant has been secured, effective July 1, from a local foundation to hire a nurse to screen for undiagnosed diabetes one day each week and for a media campaign to inform the public about the cost, complications and prevention of diabetes. Tha CES will coordinate the TV campaign. Through early diagnosis that should come as a result of the grant, diabetic complications can be lessened or avoided for many county citizens.

The second round of Cooking with Pizzazz! taught to the seniors at the Nutrition Sites proved to be a tasty treat. The seniors have asked for more food demonstrations upon later visits. An evaluation of knowledge partially filled out by 47 of the seniors showed that 55 percent of them had been trying to eat more fruits and vegetables and that 21 percent had actually eaten 5 or more servings the day before the evaluation. Although they did not always understand the benefits of eating more fruits and vegetables, they truly enjoyed the recipes and more than one person remarked that they had made the dish at home several times.

Wanda Mills, adult EFNEP program assistant, had positive feedback from a homemaker that took to heart the lesson they did on "Making the Most of Your Food Dollars." The activity was "The Price is Right" where they compared three different sizes and types of white rice and the unit cost of each. The participant said she took Wanda's advice when she went grocery shopping and got the very best buy for her money. Before this lesson, she had never thought about it before. Now she makes a list and compares prices and then she shows Wanda how much money she saved.

Obesity contributes to heart disease, diabetes and hypertension. The incidence of all 3 is high in Robeson County. To help citizens loose weight and reduce risk of chronic disease, Noonliting (weight control and wellness program) was taught at 1 factory. 32 began the 13 week course, with 9 graduating. All graduates lost weight (average of 10.6 pounds each). 8 graduates completed pre and post tests indicating 100% had adopted new practices to reduce calories; 100% were reducing fat; and 87% were reducing sugar. Also, 50% had started a walking program and 37% had increased their walking, for a total of 87% exercising by walking. Comparatively 60% of the general American public is sedentary. According to studies indicating that reducing fat saves on groceries, the 8 will save $2,168 in a year. In addition to personal benefits to the employees, the employer will benefit as obese employees spend 45% more days hospitalized

Many young families receiving food stamps do not make wise consumer choices to purchase the most nutritious food for their families. Typically their food preparation and food skills are limited which also limits their ability to feed their families nutritiously. EFNEP Program Assistants worked with 123 homemakers. 35 graduated. Pre and post tests indicate that of the graduates, 97% improved at least 1 food resource management pracitice; 97% improved at least 1 nutrition practice; and 91% improved at least 1 food safety practice. Also, 46% experienced other benefits as indicated by improvement in their other family needs (health, money management, parenting, etc) being met. As a result of EFNEP, these families have healthier children which means lower medical costs as well as cost savings at the grocery store.

Coronary heart disease is the number one killer disease in Robeson County. To help citizens gain dietary skills to reduce their risk, Cooperative Extension and local hospital conduct periodic heart healthy classes (lecture and recipe sampling). Topics in 1997 have been desserts, pasta, and soups n' sandwiches. A total of 68 citizens participated in the 3 classes. As determined through follow up surveys, 41 participants (63%) had used recipes or cookery techniques learned in classes to reduce fat or sodium. According to JADA (Feb '96), nutrition intervention saves an average of $8000 per patient. Thus, savings for this group were $328,000. Interest of participants and large sign up for classes indicates need to continue.

The Good Life Wellness Program was designed by the Health Department and the Extension Service to provide county employees with the knowledge and skills to adopt healthier lifestyles. Fifty eight participants attended the six week series to learn to improve diet, enhance personal exercise programs, promote personal safety and refine stress management skills. By the end of the series, twelve participants said their level of physical activity had improved and nineteen said their diet had improved. Fifty percent had adpoted at least three new health practices. Thirty eight percent had set long term goals and had begun to take steps toward reaching their goals. Three particpants said their ability to develop a personal health plan was one of the most beneficial skills developed from the program. According to the Dietetic Assoc. preventive nutrition programs save $5,400 per person in hospitalization costs. For this group, the savings equal $313,200

A local woman's club has identified lifestyle and dietary modification as a priority for members and their families for 1997. 38 members received the program, "It's Up to You" - a program identifying strategies to meet their goals. Members report the information learned has given them the courage to change dietary and lifestyle habits. Prior to the program, members had the misconception that nutritionally suitable foods had to be boring and tastless and exercise had to be painful and consistent. Two months after the class, 94% of members report successfully modifiying either dietary or lifestyle habits, or both.

A local consumer called asking why potatoes which showed no signs of discoloration before cooking would turn gray or black after cooking. After checking with a foods specialist and the Notebook of Food Safety the FCE secretary returned the call telling the consumer that the potatoes were not unsafe to eat and explaining that adding 1/4 teaspoon cream of tartar per pint of cooking water should cure the problem. The consumer explained that her husband and she worked at a local fresh produce market and deli and he prepared all the potato salad. He has in the past had to discard a whole case of pototoes, already peeled and cooked, because of discoloration. She was excited to think that the cream of tartar may save much time and many potatoes in the future.

Seventeen individuals completed the spring Noonliting series with a total weight loss of 146 pounds. That is an average of 8 1/2 pounds each. Noonliting takes pride in knowing that individuals take the weight off slowly through exercise and sound nutrition. Noonliting's goal is to promote habits for healthy living.

Since obesity continues to be a risk factor in leading causes of death, NoonLiting I and NoonLiting II were offered in Dare County. Sixteen participants began the program with weight loss as their primary goal. As the program progressed, they began to focus on developing healthy habits like eating nutritious meals and exercising instead of dieting. One participant shared, " I came to NoonLiting because of a problem with my spine which causes a great deal of pain in my legs. My Spine Specialist told me that I must lose weight to help relieve this pain. I could not have lost this weight without NoonLiting. I needed both the nutrition education and group encouragement. I've lost 21 pounds. NoonLiting taught me that I needed to make a lifestyle change and I did." Both groups value the educational approach to weight control and have requested additional programming.

One of the participants in the "Give Your Heart A Healthy Beat" series has improved her eating habits so, that she has been taken off her high blood pressure medicine. She received the motivation and enthusiam from being a part of the group. She lost a total of 15 lbs. and is excited about her health, how she feels and how she looks. She has completely stop eating fast foods. Most of her meals are prepared at home which gives her the full control of her sodium intake. She is now helping to recruit other individuals to participate in this program.

Mary Pender received the Outstanding Performance Award in Nutrition Education this year.

Last year, she had a total of 121 families. Forty-three volunteers assisted her providing 615 hours of time.

One of the non-traditional audiences that Mary reaches is pregnant teens. She works cooperatively with the Alternative School in Tarboro to reach this audience. Over the last three years she has reached ten pregnant teens and ten teen parents. Together with a co-worker, she has been working with Martin Middle School to reach pregnant teens. When discussing this project recently, Mary commented: "It is so gratifying when I am in the grocery store and I see one of my students looking at labels and explaining something to a friend...whenever they see me they ask when I'll be back in their school."

A Duplin County Noonliting client, Ruth Wallace, reported that prior to participating in the 15 week program she complained of fatique and an overall unhealthy lifestyle. After the 15 weeks her blood pressure was lower, cholesterol level was lower, and she had lost 20 pounds. Her activity level increased and she no longer felt lethargic. Her doctor complimented her on lifestyle changes and said, "Whatever it is you're doing, keep doing it!". She credits the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, Duplin County with this lifestyle change and better health!

A client in Duplin County credits the Duplin County Cooperative Extension Service for her achievement in a weight loss of over 100 lbs. The pounds were lost over a three year time period. She says , "I live a healthier lifestyle. Watching what I eat and exercising every day."

Twelve Certified Nurses Aides that care for elderly clietele from the local Council on Aging joined together for classes based on a need for increased knowledge in nutrition and better cooking skills. The result was a packed, but fun learning experience. Not only did their cooking skills improve over the 5 weeks, but also there was improvement in their skills in label reading, meal planning, food safety, and foods appropriate for special diets. It was delightful to see improvements during the classes. One aide was able to make a nutritious meal from what was on hand based on information given about the pyramid and meal planning. Emphasis was also given on appropriate foods for the clientele, whether it was a texture change, making it look attractive, or foods appropriate for a medically prescribed diet. The overall result was better nutrition for their clients and their own families.

One of the leading causes of death and poor health conditions of Americans is heart disease. A train-the-trainer Nutrition and Wellness program, titled, "Give Your Heart a Healthy Beat" was held in collaboration with five churches. The churches total population is approximately 1600 members. The training provided the individuals with information to train others how to live, exercise and eat in order to promote a healthier heart. Upon completion of the program, 12 individuals committed themselves to returning to their churches and train their congregations and communities the information they had learned from the program. One participant announced he would quit smoking and start exercising as a result of preparing and attending the first session. This participant's wife attended the next class session and she stated "my husband has not been so excited about anything in years, so I decided to come to your next class."

Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in Robeson County. Often county residents will seek medical help and be told-for example, to reduce their triglyceride level. However, patients lack practical meal planning, shopping, and preparation skills to do this so they contact Extension for "how to" information. In 1997, FCE agent responded (by mail and/or phone consultation) to 34 requests for information on preparing meals for cardiovascular conditions. According to JADA (Feb 1996), nutrition intervention saves an average $8000 per person, so for this group there was a savings of $272,000. One client reported after few months of using Extension information, she had reduced her triglyceride level from 851 (definite high) to 440 (borderline) and cholesterol from 235 (borderline high) to 196 (desirable). Extension needs to continue to be a source of reliable, practical meal preparation information for those with cardiovascular disease.

Seven volunteers, which included 3 males, participated in a Healthy Holiday Food Idea program that was presented by Extension to 80 clients. Fifty percent of those clients have medical problems that relate to diet. The volunteers presented nutritional information about their prepared dish and then served taste samples. The volunteers, three of whom had never given a presentation, want to participate and implement in program planning for another nutrition program. The volunteers and Extension have received 20 to 30 calls for additional information and requests for additional nutrition programs in the future.

Give Your Heart a Healty Beat was taught to eight seniors at the local city senior center. In this program, they learned to lower the amount of fat and calories eaten by reading label and making substitutions and how to decrease their risk factors for heart disesase and stroke. One of the ladies recorded her cholesterol at 308, and in two months, had lowered it to 262 with the help of information learned in the classes. Some of the women even found themselves back in the kitchen cooking dishes (something they'd given up a while back). Overall, they were able to increase their knowledge about cholesterol and fat which will help them to decrease their chances of heart attack and stroke later in life.

Three of the approximate 20 participants in the Family Nutrition Program - Out For Lunch, reported making every recipe at home that they made in class. One participant said that she realizes now the importance of eating right and trying to make meals for herself instead of skipping meals or fixing boxed meals. Several participants experimented for the first time with substituting one ingredient for another. The greatest success was that one participant actually purchased a whole sirloin roast for 99 cents a pound and had the butcher cut it into the different cuts that she wanted, (as she had learned in class), thus saving herself a good amount of money.

As a follow-up to Nash County Employees Health Screening, 13 county employees participated in a 5-part series, "Healthy Heart Cooking". Series was designed to help employees who tested with elevated blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels, and interested in reaching a healthy weight. Program focused on making healthlier food choices, changing food preparation methods, improve shopping skills and changing eating habits. Follow-up blood tests were administered which indicated at least 20 point drop for blood cholesterol and blood pressure levels. Also provided a "Healthy Heart Tasting Tour" for 85 county employees. Featuring food samples that were low fat/sodium/sugar, high fiber & calcium contents--opportunity to taste healthier prepared foods.

Wanda Mills, Adult EFNEP Program Assistant worked with a homemaker who had little money to buy food for herself and one child. Each week they budgeted and planned menus to balance out what money was available to buy groceries. She had a very low self-esteem, always saying she couldn't do anything right. One day she told Wanda of a real estate course she would like to take. Wanda told her to go for it and put her in touch with Social Services to see about getting day care. Wanda showed her how to cook and plan meals ahead of time to help with the busy schedule. She called the other day to tell Wanda how much EFNEP had helped her, not only with food and nutrition, but with other aspects in her life. And guess what!? She passed her real estate exam and is starting work on December 22, 1997.

Without proper nutrition pregnant women are at risk of giving birth to a low-birth-weight baby with numerous health and developmental problems. A county family & consumer educator was asked to write an article on nutrition during pregnancy for the Lamaze Parents Magazine, that will be distributed in 1998 to the 2.4 million expectant parents in the US and Canada who are enrolled in Lamaze Childbirth Education Classes. Research shows an average cost of $10,000 for neonatal intensive care for 1 infant & $14,000-$30,000 savings if low-birth-weight is avoided for 1 infant. By reading and applying the information in the article, pregnant women will have a healthier diet and less chance of giving birth to high risk infants that could require millions of dollars of additional medical care.

Osteoporosis is a painful and debilitating condition that affects 1in 2 older adult women and 1in 8 men, with a yearly medical cost of treatment $11,582/patient. The Cooperative Extension Service developed and presented a program on prevention, early detection, and treatment of osteoporosis to Forsyth County EH Clubs, reaching 250 women. The local Bone Density Screening Center cooperated by providing literature and complimentary bone density screening for agents presenting the program. Several have reported that since the program they have talked with their physicians about osteoporosis and had a bone mass density test. A survey will be done in 1998 to determine further impact on members. Increased consumption of calcium rich foods and increased exercise can help with prevention of this condition and more widespread use of early detection can reduce the chronic pain and thousands of dollars of medical costs.

Many young families that receive or are eligible for Food Stamps do not make wise consumer choices to purchase the most nutritious food for their families. Nutrition program assistants networked with agencies, churches, schools, and organizations to enroll 236 families in EFNEP and OFL. 151 met objectives and graduated from the program. 88 percent showed improvement in one or more nutrition practices, 80 percent showed improvement in one or more food resource management practices and 50 percent showed improvement in food safety practices. One OFL participant has now been hired as an EFNEP program assistant. As a result of these programs, families save money on food, have healthier children and ultimately lower medical costs.

Reaching non-traditional and minority audiences with foods and nutrition education and information has been a challenge. This group has primarily received information through newsletters and a minority newspaper. A concern of many limited income families is how to extend their food dollars and provide nutritious foods for their families. In cooperation with the Food Stamp program we are now reaching this cliental with the Family Nutrition Program - Out For Lunch. To date 50 families have completed the program. 100% report using the skills taught in the class and providing nutritious meals for their families.

The Extension Service in Lee County is seen as a reliable source for foods and nutrition education and information. NoonLiting is a very successful program in our county. Since the program began in 1988, 1,160 individuals have participated with 795 completing the classes. Over 8,156 pounds have been lost and over 8,000 miles walked. Over half of the participants report developing thehabit of walking 2 miles a day. Participants report a betterunderstanding of how nutrition and lifestyle affect their health. As a result of the program, volunteers and the health department now collaborate on teaching NoonLiting. Yearly a maintenance support group is formed for graduates of the program. This group is volunteer led and directed.

Stroke is the leading cause of disability and the third leading cause of death. An 11-week "Give Your Heart A Healthy Beat" program was conducted for people whose results of stroke screening tests indicated a high risk for stroke. Of the nine participants who completed the course, eight showed a decrease in blood cholesterol levels, and five showed a decrease in blood pressure. One lady had a drop in blood cholesterol of 70 points. All of the participants reported adoption of behaviors in food selection and preparation to reduce fat, sodium, and cholesterol and to increase fiber. One man even commented, "I think you have probably saved my life." With the possible monitary cost of a stroke reaching $100,000, this program may have saved individuals and tax payers as much as $900,000 by helping reduce risks and prevent strokes.

Ruth Denton, Nutrition Program Assistant, has worked with a Hispanic mother of six who was anxious to learn about nutrition and local food preparation techniques. Although she spoke little English, Mrs. Denton was able to use hand-on activities to help the lady learn to prepare balanced meals for her family and to shop wisely in the grocery store. The challenge of limited English was overcome by this mother's eagerness to learn. The lady graduated from EFNEP and went on to work toward her GED at the community college.

Betty Norris, Nutrition Program Assistant, reports a success story about a young mother that has cerebral palsy, and is confined to a wheelchair. This homemaker proved to be very capable in learning from the nutrition lessons and participating in food preparation activities. She could pull herself up to the table and stand for a few minutes to peel potatoes, mix a casserole, and do other things that she had never done before. She also learned how to make her grocery list, how to plan meals and how to shop. She had never done this before, and never had enough money from one month to the next. Now she plans and has money left over. She has thanked Betty many, many times for helping her.

Poor eating habits and an unhealthly lifestyle have been proven to attribute to chronic disease. Five of the top ten leading cuases of death in Henderson County are associated with dietary factors. Henderson County ranks 1st in NC in cencer incidence and 2nd in cancer deaths. Noonliting - an Extension weight management educational program emphasizes optimal nutrition and healthy lifestyles. In 1997, 70 Noonliting participants lost a total of 608 pounds and walked 5,130 miles. The successes of Noonliting has allowed the participants to enjoy a healthier lifestyle by lowering their cholesterol and blood pressure. The participants feel better about themselves, and this lifestyle change could utlimately prolong their lives.

With citizen demand for programs in the area of foods and nutrition and food safety at a high level, it became evident that trained volunteers were needed to assist the FCE agent. Foureen individuals participated in an 8 week (24 hours) Master Volunteer Foods and Nutrition course. The training was developed by the FCE agent. The focus was on understanding key nutrition concepts and on exploring the association between nutrition and health and disease. Since April, these Master Volunteers have contributed 65 hours of time for a value of approximately $1235.00. Volunteers have taught classes on heart disease, manned a booth at the farmer's market, helped with a 4-H Day Camp, helpd answer phones, judged 4-H youth presentations and conducted Noonliting Weight Control classes for a mentally and physically challenge population.

Managing food stamps and preparing nutritious meals continues to be a problem for many food stamp recipients. Cooperative Extension along with The Division of Social Services, Food Stamp Branch responded to these needs with a project called the Out For Lunch Program. At least 50 family food providers have come to the program each month since January with transportation being provided by Smart Start. Evaluations of graduates have shown a 96% positive change in eating from any food group. The food resource management area had 77% improvement by the participants in at least one area shuch as meal planning or not running out of food. Another 81% showed improvement in one or more nutrition practices such as reading labels for fat or sodium and making healthy meal choices. The value of the program to these families or society is priceless because it may change generations.

Ten people signed up for a class called "Noonliting" held after classes at the Burgaw Middle School. All were teachers, tired, after teaching young energetic children all day. Throughout the eleven classes each person weighed in on the day of class and reported the minutes walked and pounds lost. Weight loss seemed slow those first weeks. By the end of the first month there was a noticeable loss of weight and a noticeable gain in motivation. This group had molded to support each other and to encourage the weight loss. Actually, they had become even competitive to see who would lose the most while the other faculty members were just as excited about who would be the winner of "lose the pounds" contest. The graduating day class began with 10 people still participating, 93 total pounds were lost with 17 pounds being the greatest amount lost by one person.

According to a recent Gallop survey, teenagers may derive as much as 25 percent of their calories from snacks, ie., packaged, processed foods that contribute a significant amount of fat to their diets. To address this concern, an educational program, "You Are What You Eat', was provided for 48 county teens. Participants learned how food behaviors develop, to used the Food Guide Pyramid when selecting foods, functions of the key nutrients and fast food facts. Forty-one students felt their nutrition knowledge improved by participating. Statements of specific knowledge learned included: "the number of calories teens should eat daily; you don't have to stop eating to lose weight, just change your eating habits and exercise, fast foods had more calories than I thought." One student wrote, "It was interesting because it showed you what you really don't realize and you see how much of a difference it makes."

Obesity is related to many chronic diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and some forms of cancer. To attack the results of obesity, a series of weight control classes was taught to 40 participants who lost a total of 310 pounds in 4 weeks, averaging 8 pounds each, or 2 pounds per week. The most successful participants adopted practices of decreased fat intake, increased fruit and vegetable intake, and adoption of positive attitudes, knowledge and skills to reduce their risk for chronic disease.

The Out For Lunch (OFL) program, sponsored by Department of Social Services and Cooperative Extension, is reaching non-traditional Extension audiences with research-based educational information. An example is "Jane", a young, single mother of two children--one school age and one infant. Pregnant when she attended her first OFL class, she delivered her baby on Tuesday before Friday's graduation. Assured that pre-3 instructors would meet the infant's needs, Jane brought her 3-day-old son. She is also typical of many participants who ask what class they may come to next at the close of OFL. Jane attended the holiday reunion where she asked the Family and Consumer Education agent if she wrote the newspaper articles. She also called after the reunion for the recipe for the appetizer served there. More educational opportunities should be available to this audience.

There were several tractor and combine fires across Vance Co. in 1996.Some of these fires could have been prevented with education,and lessened by a working fire extingisher.As part of the annual soybean production meeting,Cooperative Extension presented tips on how to prevent combine and tractor fires.And also how to maintain working fire extingishers.Thirty-five farmers attended this meeting.During this summer one of those farmers had a trator fire.Remembering Extension taught tips he was able to put out the fire,and save the $5000 tractor.

The Out For Lunch program began in Yadkin County in May of 1997. This program has required coordination between county agencies and even between counties. There have been many challenges and rewards with this program. One group was especially memorable, the entire group, six mothers and six children were Hispanic. Only one was fluent in English. A volunteer from the local Catholic Mission served as a translator. For this group even learning our system of measurement was a new experience. Each week the participants reported using some of the skills they had learned the week before. Learning that the Family Resource Center where the OFL program is held offers a class "English As A Second Language", three of the participants started classes the following month. Out For Lunch made an impact in the quality of life for these families.

My eight week Mini-Noonliting program came to an end this month. I conducted a class in Andrews, and a class in Murphy. The Andrews group (8 in number) lost a total of 29.5 pounds, with one winner obtaining her goal. The Murphy group (20 in number) lost a total of 54.5 pounds, with 4 winners obtaining their goals. This is the first time I have taught Noonliting. I am very happy with the good results.

A significant health problem among African-Americans is stroke. In an effort to decrease the incidence of stroke, the CES and Health Dept. worked with churches to conduct Strike Out Stroke. One church was able to schedule the series in fall of 1997.

Two volunteers coordinated the program at the church providing publicity in the community, recruitment, and healthy snacks. Three volunteers assisted in teaching sessions.

Sixteen participants attended 3 educational sessions on risk assessment, stress reduction, exercise, and healthy eating habits. All reported decreased fat intake, 12 decreased sodium intake, and all reported an increase in knowledge and skills.

EFNEP works with homemakers in a variety of situations. In this situation the wife/mother was in school and didn't know how to cook. The tasks of shopping and food preparation were assumed by the husband/father. He enjoyed cooking and wasn't working due to disability.

The EFNEP PA helped him learn to shop wisely, teaching him how to figure price per pound and weigh produce. Menu planning allowed him to purchase smaller quantities avoiding waste and he stopped purchasing "junk" food. He also started cooking breakfast instead of buying fast food. The PA taught him the importance of feeding his child 3 meals a day. His grocery bill decreased from $600 to $300 per month.

Amy was a young mother in our EFNEP Supercupboard class. On the first day she was very timid and almost afraid to speak. After 3 to 4 sessions she began to speak up, sharing stories of abuse and neglect from family members. She was given information on agencies to contact for help.

In our weekly classes she learned about the importance of eating a healthy diet. She learned how to plan a menu, make use of leftovers and the importance of shopping wisely.

A new weight loss program, "Step-by-Step...To Better Health" was a success with over 25 individuals enrolled. This on going weight loss class encouraged sensible eating, exercise and behaviro midification. RN's. RD's, MD's, social workers and myself, were on hand at each session to offer assistance in teaching, taking blood pressure and cholesterol and weighing in participants. At the end of the 8 week session, there was a 30eight loss and reduction in both blood cholesterol and blood pressure.

From the 1997 Stroke Screenings, 65% of those screened confirmed one or more identifiable risks of having a stroke. "Give Your Heart A Healthy Beat," a series of 4 sessions, 2 hours each, was offered to the screened audience. Seventeen participated. A hospital wellness coordinator was a collaborator. From the pre- and post-test, all participants increased their knowledge about reducing their risks via diet and exercise. As a direct result, within six months following the program, one participant, having already experienced a mini stroke, improved her cholesterol: 223 to 135, LDL; 68 to 73, HDL; 307 to 225 total. She was ecstatic to receive a personal congratulatory phone call from her doctor! She accomplished this by reducing serving sizes and making healthier choices, stopped in between meal snacks; walks up to 3 miles a day; and losing weight slowly - 9 pounds. She maintains her BP with medication.

The incidence of stroke among adults in Person County has increased from 22 in 1992 to 34 in 1994. To combat this growing statistic, Give Your Heart a Healthy Beat, an educational program designed to help participants lower their risk of heart disease and stroke was offered with 10 particpants successfully completing the program. Of those completing the course, 100% report increased awareness of the need to live a more healthy lifestyle, while 75% actually adopted practices that reduced their risk factors. One participant lowered her cholesterol level by 40 points and lost 20 pounds while in the program. Another participant was able to maintain her current weight level while ending her smoking habit. Followup interviews with participants indicate that they were able to use the information to help survive the holidays with a minimum weight gain.

The Chef and the Child summer program is a collaborative effort with NCSU CES and the Triad Chapter of the American Culinary Federation. This summer our students were from the Migrant Education Program. All are enrolled in local public schools. The children learned about nutrition and food preparation. They prepared and tasted new foods. The signifiance of this class to them was evident on the last day. Unlike other groups, this group applauded and cheered each other when the certificates of completion were given out to each class member. I remarked on their response to one of their teachers. She pointed out to me that their success this week in class, and receiving of a certificate was very meaningful to them. They struggle with language in their classes, and often do not achieve academic success. This was a successful, positive, esteem building week where they received recognition for their efforts.

The Out For Lunch program was held at the Hispanic Center in the fall. Twenty mothers increased their skills in meal planning, budgeting, and food preparation. Young Hispanic children learned English words for various fruits and vegetables. All in attendance tried and most liked the new foods. Ten reported trying the recipes at home. Some of the recipes were adapted to increase the acceptance by the ladies.

A 15 week "Healthy Living" class was taught at the ECU-School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology-Out patient clinic. 14 staff members originally enrolled. Classes included: setting weight loss goals, label reading, low fat cooking, exercise, behavior modification, eating out and others. Class demog: WF-11, WM-1 and BF-1. Eight evaluations were returned. Information obtained indicated that 75 percent lost or maintained their weight during the 15 weeks. Average wt. loss per participant was 7.42 lbs. One participant lost 20 lbs, one lost 18, one lost 14 and one lost 13. Prior to the class, a total of 10 different weight loss methods had been tried. Participants indicated they had lost an average of 20 lbs or more on these diet regimes but had regained the weight and in some cases, more. Participants indicated that they had incorporated at least one technique presented during the classes into their daily living.

It is important for everyone to manage their food dollars, it is even more important for limited resource audiences to maximize their food dollars. The Out For Lunch program teaches just that. Even though the numbers were small in our first Out For Lunch series, the impacts were many. One of the adult participants in the series told the instructor, Stacy-Lynn, "I love you and I love Out for Lunch". "This program has done so much for me." Another participant commented on the purchasing meat lesson. "This lesson was the best of all," commented Angela Williams. Even the preschoolers were learning about fruits and vegetables. Broccoli may not have been on the kid's favorite foods list at the beginning of the program, but after the veggie tasting party, Ozell commented, "I didn't know broccoli tasted this good".

Two 15 week noonliting sessions were held with 31 people enrolled. Thirteen (13%) percent maintained their weight, and 71 percent lost some weight. Sixteen percent were unable to complete the 15 week classes. 32% met the goal that they had set. (Seven people lost 10 or more pounds) Participants reported that they had changed their eating habits and were exercising more. Cholesterol was checked for those people who attended the first and last sessions. 70% of those who had their cholesterol checked decreased their cholesterol in the 15 weeks.

In the second half of the year, two 13 week noonliting sessions were held with 25 people enrolled. Twenty four (24%) percent were not able to complete the 13 week classes. 12% met their weight loss goal. 52% lost some weight, and 24 % maintained their weight. Participants reported that they had changed some eating habits and were exercising more.

Diets are improving in Caswell County, but a 1994 Health Department survey showed that people still consume too much fat, salt and sugar and too little high fiber fruits, vegetables and whole grains. One individual reports that he was diagnosed with one complete and two partially blocked arteries and was told to change his diet and see if some improvement could be noted or to have surgery to correct the problem. We have worked on his diet. In 11 months he has lost 25 pounds, his cholesterol reading has decreased from 260 to 180 and the doctors are no longer talking about surgery.

"The Grain Foods" was the topic of a workshop at Senior Citizen Centers in Columbus County. 172 participants explored the importance of eating more grain foods. What makes a serving, recommended servings per day and how many servings they had eaten that day. The nutritional value of grains was discussed along with their contribution of fiber to the diet.

Food labels for bread, cereal, rice and pasta were examined. Special attention was given to fiber and whole grain. Most seniors were surprised to learn which grain foods were good and poor fiber sources and which were made from whole grains.

A survey conducted two months later of 78 participants revealed that 64% are now reading food labels on a regular basis to gather food value information.

A series of nutrition education and weight loss classes was conducted at the Columbus County Department of Social Services. Twenty-two employees participated in the lunch time sessions. Class members learned how to lower fat, sodium and sugar in their diets and still eat their favorite everyday foods. Exercise was an important component of the program along with the decrease in calories. Employees marked off a one mile track at their office and walked in groups during lunch break and after work. Peer group support was a great incentive to lose weight and continue walking.

Cathy Jones and Mary Thompson were top weight loosers during the 10 week program loosing 16 lbs. and 15 1/2 lbs. respectively. Alisha Bowden was the top walker running up a total of 205 miles. The 13 graduates lost a total of 102.5 lbs.

Obesity is associated with risk of chronic disease. It is also a controllable measure against that risk (where as age, gender and race which are also associated with chronic disease are not). Weight loss can help reduce or avoid the chances of diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and heart disease and also save the consumer approx $8000, per individual`in health care cost (Journal of the American Diabetes Association Feb '96). Seventeen adults participated in a thirteen week long weight loss program provided by First Baptist Church and assisted by Cooperative Extension Service. The seventeen members lost a combined weight of 178 lbs with a potential dollar savings of $136,000 in medical cost.

CEMP 17 RESIDENTIAL AND COMMUNITY HORTICULTURE, TURF, FORESTRY AND PEST MANAGEMENT

Design of low maintenance landscapes and applying fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides in a timely fashion to lawns and landscapes in important for homeowners because Best Management Practices protect our water supply and soils through reduced fertilizer and pesticide usage. Consequently, four homeowner seminars were conducted in Randolph and Davidson Counties to a total of 101 consumers on these topics. Participants surveyed indicated they would save $3650. from the new practices they learned. 99per cent learned a new practice such as "..when to use herbicides." Others: "Information & overview of plannning was excellent..." and "...learned how to conserve energy use with shrubs around heat pump."

Volunteerism has catapulted into the national scene comensurate with the President's summit in Philadelphia recently. A prime example of volunteerism is the Master Gardener Volunteer program at the Forsyth Extension Center. For 16 years volunteers have given more than 2000 hours annually to expand and sustain urban horticulture education, enhancing the lives and increasing the property values of more than 33,000 residents. What is the payback for our volunteers? In a letter sent to the Extension agent a volunteer writes, " As for the 500-hour certificate (number of hours she gave in 1996) I received at the recognition banquet this week, I would do it all again, double! The Master Gardener program has put new meaning in my life and has allowed me to grow." Volunteers bring unique abilities and depth of experience to the NCCES--an invaluable resource that saves thousands in tax dollars.

The North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, Cabarrus County Center provided horticulture information to 40,000 clients. Cabarrus county has a total landscape value of $65,196,000. This includes 37,598 households with an average of $2,000 in landscape value. The horticulture agent answered 1700 horticulture phone calls this spring. This created $52,000 in total value for the clients based on the research proven value of $30 per call. 48 horticulture articles were published in two local papers with 16,000 and 24,000 circulation respectively, for 1,225,000 total exposures. The agent made 7 horticulture presentations to 290 people. As a result clientele indicated they were more knowledgeable about plant selection and effective pesticide usage. One person stated he used this information "to maintain his neighbor's, his sister's and his own landscape" and found "the information was always accurate."

In responce to the demand for urban horticulture information, a Horticulture Newsletter was initiated in Macon County. The number of subscribers rapidly grew to 600. In a recent survey, subscribers indicated that by using the information contained in the newsletter they had saved over $19,000.

Mecklenburg has escalating demand for tree care knowledge. Extension, by itself, cannot fill this demand. An Urban Tree Care series was created by Extension to address 1) the need to educate landscape professionals, who would pass knowledge to clients, and 2) need for Extension to develop volunteers within the landscape profession to assist with future tree-related education events. The talks were open to professionals for pesticide credits and to professionals wanting to Volunteer for Extension. Professionals from other agencies, public and private, were invited to speak. 1 month after training, a change survey of 18 professionals found: the courses saved or would save their company or client's money through practices such as avoiding tree topping, and using IPM (cankerworm); and that they brought new or reinforced information to the job thus increasing professionalism. "I've altered my specs and drawings because of these courses," Charlotte Landscape Architect.

A retired homeowner wanted to increase his income by growing blackberries, but lacked knowledge of varieties and cultural practices. With information gleaned from the Web,the Cooperative Extension Service provided the grower with pertinent information concerning varieties, weed control and cultural practices. Over 200, 4 quart containers were sold @ $6.50/container from a small 2 acre planting the first year. The grower deemed the project "a major success" with plans to increase acreage and add different types of fruit such as blueberry and raspberry. The Cooperative Extension Service, providing beneficial information and personal visits gave the homeowner tools necessary to become a successful small fruit producer.

A mother called the NCCES center with urgent need of information on poisonous plant ate by her child. After referring to various references, one developed by Alice Russell on poisonous plants on the horticultural science department internet site, I confirmed plant toxicity and name for local physician and poison control center. Eating this plant in small amounts would not be fatal according to references. However, doctor could treat compentently. Child was not sent to hospital, saving parents and insurance company "unnecessary costs."

Master Gardeners (MG) have voluntered over $3120 of time in 1997. Cyndi and the MG's started the Treasure Tree Program (TTP). Thirteen trees were evaluated for health and size. Trees are important for reducing air pollution, reducing energy costs by lowering heating and cooling bills, and trees are aesthetically pleasing. Wilson county is one of four who implement the TTP. The TTP is designed to promote and recognize outstanding trees. Abbie Davis, TTP Chairman and MG said, "This program reaches across all lines. Everyone loves and admires their trees." This program was on the front page of the local newspaper and has one tree being sent off to the North Carolina Big Tree list. Doris Ray, MG secretary and TTP member wrote to Cyndi, "You do a great job for us. We appreciate your efforts!"

The East Hayman Boulevard Beautification project was a cooperative effort between the Town of Kill Devil Hills and the Master Gardener Volunteers. Along with the agent, the volunteers provided the planting design and labor. The Town provided the plant materials. The street, which was closed to through traffic, was recently improved to include parking and planting medians. The residents had strongly opposed the development. They were very pleased with the planting, however. They commented that the planting was lovely and they appreciated the hard work. One resident offered to keep an eye on things because he didn't want any harm to come to the plantings. Fifty-seven percent of the active Master Gardener Volunteers participated. The volunteers were very proud and commented that this is what 'it' is all about. The Town administration was very pleased with the project and will honor the Volunteers at a Town Meeting.

The demand for consumer horticultural information is immense in a largely urban county such as Guilford County. As a result, the Master Gardener Volunteer Program was begun in Guilford County to train citizens. Trained by the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, in an intensive 3 month series of lectures and demonstrations, the 90 dedicated Master Gardeners volunteered for 4297 hours valued at $10.00 per hour. This is equivalent of receiving funding for two staff people to keep our consumer service viable

County residents frequently need assistance with sick or diseased plants, or have harmful insects to identify.Disease and insect diagnosis is often required by residents during non-office hours or they live in outlying areas of the county. To meet these needs as an educational outreach of the Cooperative Extension Service, the Guilford County Master Gardeners have held 15 plant clinics and have helped reach ovr 300 people giving pertinent information saving these citizens thousands of dollars in replacement costs and have helped protect our environment by giving correct pesticide recommendations

Volunteers are central to meeting the educational needs of gardening clientele in expanding urban centers in N.C. The Cooperative Extension Service in Forsyth county trained and certified 22 Master Gardener volunteers in 1997. Coupled with the assistance of veteran volunteers, this group donated more than 3600 hours to the agency for a combined value of $36,100. Their activities included: presenting talks at various clubs, solving landscape maintenance problems for homeowners, advising on pest control, organizing and manning exhibits at 3 events, gardening with children, and growing food in low-income neighborhoods. Volunteers will continue to be a crucial means of delivering horticultural information in the future, particularly as funding for new staff positions is limited.

New Hanover County has a long tradition of training Master Gardener Volunteers. A non-traditional approach to training volunteers was utilized this year and resulted in the largest graduation class in North Carolina. Along with the teaching of a regular Tuesday/Thursday class, a second course on Saturdays was offered to the working public. A total of 92 students received 50 hours of training and 77 of the 92 students received graduation certificates at the Master Gardener Graduation and Recognition Banquet. Each of the 77 graduates have devoted a minimum of 50 hours totaling over 3,850 hours of volunteerism to New Hanover County's Cooperative Extension programs. Add to this another 200 active Master Gardeners devoting over 30 hours per year and the program and Arboretum are recovering approximately 11,800 hours at $15.00 per hour value making a $177,000.00 impact on the community's horticultural & environmental issues and concerns.

A rabies epidemic in NC has moved into most regions of NC. Forsyth county has yet to have a reported case but county officials want to address the problem proactively. A committee made up of Cooperative Extension, County Health Dept, Animal Control, Veterinary Assoc., Humane Society and volunteers developed a plan to hold quarterly rabies vacination clinics at the local fair grounds. A well publicized effort to target low income neighborhoods was well received as over 750 cats and dogs were vaccinated at the first of these clinics.

Guilford COunty like many others across the nation is facing water shortages. Therefore education of citizens about ways to conserve water is needed. Through one phone call the NC Copp. Ext Service was able to teach a gentleman how to best put in and maintain his fescue lawn. This was done without suggesting a sprinkler system which the man had been contemplating. Sprinkler systems do have a place but frequently they are set up incorrectly and therfore apply more water than is truely needed. This gentelman saved $4,000 by not putting in a sprinkler system and several hundered gallons of what would have been wasted water ,while still maintaining a healthy vigorous lawn.

The demonstration garden at "Compost Central", Mecklenburg County's municipal composting facility, was overgrown and in disrepair. In cooperation with the manager of the yard waste facility and County Source Reduction staff, 20 Master Gardeners worked over 100 hours on redesigning and renovating the garden, including gathering plant material, planting and providing plant identification signage. The renovated garden will now be used for teaching school groups and county citizens about composting, gardening and plant identification.

Imported fire ants are a serious health and property hazard hitherto unknown, but entering, Lee County. Unfortunately, to the uninformed these ants appear as any other. Dangerous and illegal measures, such as pouring gasoline on mounds, are used by frustrated homeowners desperate for control. Extension Staff identified a new outbreak of fire ants in October. Two news articles, with photographs, were submitted to the Sanford Herald,and video footage was supplied to local TV stations. Four presentations were made to civic groups to help citizens identify and control fire ants properly. The news coverage prompted 41 citizens to report fire ant infestations. These were referred to NC Dept. of Agriculture for eradication. Extension staff contacted these homeowners to offer control options, to verify eradication, and to answer concerns. Most Lee Countians now know fire ants by sight, so that injury or death by the ants by uninformed citizen contact is greatly lessened.

Residents of Sanford Public Housing had always wanted vegetable gardens, but didn't have space, money, or knowhow to get started. Beginning in 1996, Extension Staff and Master Gardeners initiated a community raised-bed gardening venture for these limited-resource clients. A committee representing civic groups, social workers, and elected officials identified funding sources, volunteers and helped organize the project. Master Gardeners built raised bedgardens for 34 families, and met regularly with the families during the growing season to supply expertise, plants, and fertilizers. Raised beds limit the space, time, effort, and expense of vegetable gardening, and are highly productive: The average garden fed a family of four two meals weekly for 35 weeks, reducing the food budgets by $150 per family. The project enhanced the nutrition, health, and pride of these families.

Charlotte faces a yearly problem with an insect defoliator know as the cankerworm. Extension and the City of Charlotte cooperated on sponsoring workshops to educate the public on cankerworm control. Over 210 people attended and were educated about safe and effective practices. Over 1,000 phone calls were answered. We used print and broadcast media to inform the public and also wrote and published 6,000 copies of a pamphlet on the cankerworm. One citizen said "I appreciate the arsenal of information you've given us to eradicate this beast."

Recent trend data indicate that relatively few home gardeners take advantage of the free soil testing services offered by the NC Department of Agriculture. Cooperative Extension, in cooperation with the NCDA Regional Agronomist and eight local agribusinesses, sponsored an "October is for Soil Sampling" campaign to promote this best management practice. An Extension-coordinated newsmedia blitz informed citizens of proper soil sampling techniques and the benefits of soil testing. Sponsoring agribusinesses provided a drop-off point for the samples. This campaign contributed to a 300 per cent increase in the number of individuals submitting soil samples in October, 1997 as compared to 1996 - 66 samples versus 20. Utilization of NCDA soil testing saved participants an average of $20 per sample versus private laboratory costs. Additional savings were realized by nutrient applications being made at recommended rates thus reducing the potential for environmental degradation.

Twenty new Master Gardeners completed the 1997 Onslow county Master Gardener Course bringing the total number of MG volunteers to sixty. These volunteers donated 1,410 hours of service to county in 1997 alone distributing horticultural information, diagnosing pest problems and answering questions. All total 3,645 hours of volunteer service have been contributed since the program's enception in 1994 with one volunteer surpassing the 500 hour mark for the first time. MG volunteers also advise on community beautification projects, educate school children and conduct

A program was developed to inform 800 people how to protect, build, and stabilize beachfront property from erosion through dune fencing, plant selection and management. Of the 800 people informed, 180 attended a workshop on dune building and stabilization and 368 people purchased 'American Beachgrass' to build and stabilize dunes ravaged by Hurricanes Birth and Fran. Over 759 beachgrass bundles were sold to oceanfront property owners. This number of bundles could cover a 50 foot wide by 6.3 mile long swath of beachfront property offering errosion protection to approximatly $68,000,000 of beachfront property (based on average value of $2000 per linear foot of beachfront). Additionally, property owners behind the beachfront properties share the benefit of protection from storm surge due to this dune protection program.

Avery/Watauga County Master Gardeners have worked with all Extension program areas in the past half year. The 59 certified Avery/Watauga Master Gardeners have assisted in areas working with Sue Counts, FCS Agent, the 4-H program with Karee Teague, 4-H Agent, Farm City activities, and the annual Agromedicine/Farm Safety Expo, assisting other agents and helping clerical staff with manning phone calls, computer data searches, newsletter dispensation, and providing clientele with consumer horticultural information. MG volunteers donated 1809 hours in the last 2 quarters.

The MG have a "Task Opportunity Notebook" kept in the Extension office that all agents assist with updating "Request Sheets" for MG help. MG volunteers can select the Extension/Consumer Horticulture tasks they prefere. The MG "Task Opportunity Notebook" system has worked well, generation estimated dollar values for program benefits at $776,000.00 in the past 6 months and an estimated value to society of $388,000.00.

The client delighted to find 4 Loropetalum at a garden shop. He was told they would not get over two foot tall and would do great in front of office windows that started 2 foot off the ground. He called me to find out the culture of the plant. I informed him of the culture and also that they grew to 10 -12 feet tall and just as wide. He returned the plants and bought a compact holly which I suggested. That saved him a big headache on down the road.

The Burke Extension Center conducted their 2nd Annual Soil Test Month in October. Fifty-seven individuals turned in 172 soil boxes for testing. The 2nd Annual Soil Test month yielded an increase of 16 individuals(39%) and 23 soil box samples(15%) over the 1st Annual Soil Test Month efforts.

Based on a cost of ten dollars per test and interpertation the 2nd Annual Soil Test Month program yielded a savings of $1,920 to citizens of Burke County.

In mid summer a call for assistance was made to the Cooperative Extension office from a commercial ornamental shrub grower. There were 45 container crape myrtles that were under stress and were not saleable. They were stunted and the leaves were curled. A visit to the site indicated no visual insect or disease problems, so several problem soil samples were taken. The soil samples indicated nutrient deficences, corrective measures were taken and the plants grew out of the stunted characteristics. The crop was saleable by late summer at a Value of $1,175.00.

Members of the Wake County youth horticulture program participated in the 63rd NJHA (National Junior Horticulture Association) Convention. Frankie Blazich entered the Extemporaneous Speech Contest and won a National Award for his performance. Daniel Norden participated in the Honors Division of the Horticulture Judging Contest and placed 6th nationally. Daniel was also selected as the 1998 NJHA Southwest District Director. The Wake delegation played a key role in putting together the North Carolina display, which won second place. Ten of our young people were recognized for their outstanding performance on photography and record book projects here at home. Many of our have made plans and started projects hoping that they will have a chance to go to Memphis in 1998. Our youngest national award winner, a five-year-old, said upon receiving his plaque (which was almost as big as he is), "I m going to do it again next year".

Trained 23 homeowners how to correctly prune ornamentals in the landscape by using 3 different pruning techniques. The objective of the training was to identify and correct the problem of how incorrect pruning can cause injury to ornamental plants resulting in a loss of value. Each homeowner demonstrated the ability to use there new skill. As a result of the training homeowners implemented their new learned skills. In a face to face contact with Sheryl Ward of Hallsboro NC she used her skills learned at this training to improve the value of her landscape.

Excessive and unnecessary use of pesticides and fertilizers in the home landscape threatens water quality, harms beneficial insects such as honeybees, and makes turf and many landscape plants more susceptible to disease problems. Based on a survey of horticulture newsletter subscribers for the 1997 program year, 198 readers reduced fertilizer use, 126 reduced pesticide use, 418 gained knowledge about proper pesticide use, and 126 fertilized their property based on soil test results. In addition, as a result of this information 537 newsletter readers saved either time or money, estimated by the readers at a total of $23,000.

Due to need to assist homeowners replace trees damaged by Hurricane Fran, and to encourage landowners that desire a small number of trees to establish landscape plantings, windbreaks, and visual barriers around their homesteads the Robeson County Center conducted a free tree distribution program. A commercial tree nursery provided 16,000 improvided loblolly pine seedlings. These were distributed to 418 homeowners during 2 days in January and February. Without this assistance homeowners would have been unable to secure needed seedlings.

CEMP 18 RESIDENTIAL AND COMMUNITY WATER AND WASTE MANAGEMENT

Each year,thousands of tons of discarded tires,along with appliances which are known as "white goods" enter the waste stream of North Carolina.Since l99l,tires and white goods were banned from the landfills which cannot accommodate the thousands of cubic feet of space that these items require. The CES and Planning Development Dept. in Guilford County co-sponsored a tire and white goods collection day on May l2, l997.As a result, D. H. Griffin Co. of Greensboro collected l80 cubic yards of white goods and Tires, Inc. of Winston Salem accepted l6.6 tons of tires. The inmates and staff from the county prison farm removed the tires and white goods from citizen's vehicles and reloaded them on trucks for disposal.

Five Randolph staff members & 2 agency volunteers delivered a water quality program to more than 1,000 third graders in 43 classrooms in celebration of National Drinking Water Week. 50% of the teachers returned evaluations- indicating an average 60% of the information was new to their students with more than 100% reinforcement for previous water education.All teachers utilized the activities included in the teacher packet. Comments received were: experiments were easy to understand, students learned the importance of protecting water, appreciated age-appropriate visuals, students recalled information weeks later. Three city & county groups provided funding for student incentives.

1997 was the 11th year for 4H Discovery! and it remains a very viable,environmental education experience for fifth grade students.One school implements their own program;four additional schools participated.265 youth were reached with a variety of subject matter during this 2day, overnight experience(four weeks for professional staff). 89 volunteers, 30 school personnel, and 49 instructors(representing more than 25 agencies) supported the effort.Parents and teachers consistently praise this program for its'enrichment experiences that supplement classroom instruction.Written evaluation indicate knowledge & skills learned.More than 1780 volunteer hours are given to 4H Discovery!

In order to further educate the public about composting and to provide homeowners the opportunity to purchase compost bins at a reduced price, several organizations joined forces to host a Compost Fair at two sites on May 3, 1997. The sponsors of this event were the Durham City Solid Waste Management Department, SunShares, Wal-Mart, and the Durham County Center of the NC Cooperative Extension Service. Master Composters helped educate homeowners about composting, and Master Gardener Volunteers were on hand at one site to answer gardening questions. An estimated 800 pieces of literature on composting and gardening were given out at the two sites. Approximately 400 compost bins were sold for about 50 percent off ($35.00) the normal retail price ($74.95). This resulted in a savings to homeowners of about $14,000.

In cooperation with North Carolina Department of Agriculture the Burke Extension Center implemented a Pesticide Disposal Collection Day. Over 500 individuals were contacted through educational programs and brochures. The programs and brochures explained the need to eliminate old and unused pesticides from our environment. Nineteen families participated in the collection day with a total of 200 pounds of pesticides being collected for proper disposal. Using a reasonable cost of $100 per pound for disposal this collection day had a montary savings impact of $20,000 for Burke citizens.

The Rutherford County Extension Center has coninued its networking with Chimney Rock Park's environmental programs. Through this collaboration science-based curricula are promoted to regional yoth (Rutherford, Polk, Henderson and Buncombe).A heightened environmental awareness is the primary goal of the program. The development of waste management strategies was implemented with 1,030 youth/teachers during three sessions of "Vermi composting: Worms Eat Your Garbage" this spring. Initially, five percent of the 17 schools participating had been conducting some form of school recycling. Following the educational sessions, an additional 15 percnet began class-room programs relating to waste-stream reduction. Continued networking with the schools involved will aim at increasing participation and documenting waste reduction in their corresponding communities.

In response to a request from the Cabarrus County Manager for Extension to develop a position paper on solid waste options available to the County Commissioners when the sanitary landfill closes in late 1997, Extension assembled a task force to research such options. Represented on the task force were various Federal and State Ag. Agencies, as well as five other county departments. Within months, a position paper had been researched, developed, approved by the County Manager, and presented to the Board of County Commissioners in official session. As a result of Extension's leadership, the Commissioners have details highlighting the pros and cons of some seven landfill property options available to them. The effort brought various county department heads together to positively cooperate on a common task, the results of which will benefit the citizens of the county in the near future.

Enviro-Camp was conducted in June to promote enviromental education to youth. National research shows one of the best ways to change adult environmental behaviors is thru youth education. Thirty youth, forty volunteers and 24 parents participated in the week long day camp. This program is an outgrowth of linking Vulcan Materials Environmental Education cooperate goal and the Davie County Center's objectives. Five hundred dollars were given to the program by Vulcan Materials and 26 hours of volunteer time. Seven families not recycling before camp started a program at home. A major emphasis on environmental careers resulted in three youth interested in horticultural and natural science studies. A new program for Davie County and exciting results for our environment

In response to local interest in reducing water usage, Moore County's Master Gardener Volunteers conceived, designed and installed a xeriscape garden. The garden uses BMPs including soil analysis and preparation, plant selection appropriate to the site, mulch, and careful monitoring of water needs. Locally available plants were chosen to tolerate hot, dry, full sun conditions with a minimum of irrigation. County departments, Moore Water and Sewer Authority, and contributing nurseries cooperated to make the project possible. Through July the irrigation has been used only twice for establishing annuals. The garden has provided an educational tool used for newsletters, newspaper articles, and direct client contact.

In June I did my first program; "landfill in a jar" for our only minority day camp in the county. It being my first program, I was very nervous! I was unsure if the children (ages 5-12) would even be interested in the program. They seemed to enjoy it very much, and I left a chart for them to record the changes that took place during the remainder of the camp (about 4 weeks). To my delight, I did a follow-up 2 weeks later, and the children had been recording changes on the chart! This made me very happy to see that they had learned from my program, and that I increased their awareness of waste disposal and landfills (we have one in our county). Solid waste management is top on our county's list, so I am very pleased with the outcome!!

Surf City, which is located in the Pender County portion of Topsail Island, has been having problems with stormwater runoff from roadways, residences, and business parking lots. Because of water quality concerns and State regulations, stormwater cannot be deverted to the Intercoastal Waterway. The land is also too flat and too valuable for the installation of stormwater detention ponds.

The Planning Board has requested assistance from Extension and NC State. The Board is using information learned to make decisions that will, hopefully, minimize any additional problems that may result during future development. The Planning Board has been very receptive to suggestions. Several of the Board members have used their own property to adopt and demonstrate best management practices. One of the members, who is a local residential builder, includes runoff BMPs in any new site he develops.

The Save Our Schools (S.O.S.) program was one of the first to participate in the storm drain stenciling program in Lincoln County. Sixty students were taught why it is so important to be conscious of what goes into the storm drains. They were also trained on how to initiate the stenciling program in a community. S.O.S. students stenciled storm drains on four streets and distributed educational information to eighty homes, speaking to the residents whenever possible. The S.O.S. Program director expressed appreciation for the program by sharing a small triumph. One child who is exceptionally quiet took the stenciling project to heart. This student took his parents by each storm drain that he had stenciled and explained the importance of the program. The parents in turn told the director that it was programs like this that make a difference in a child's education and that they hoped the program would continue.

The Alexander Cooperative Extension along with NCSU's Water Quality Group has worked with the Deal Cattle Farm and the Sugar Loaf Elementary School in repairing a watershed area. The massive urban storm water flow from the school, fire department, etc. was redirected to a newly constructed wetlands equipped with a level spreader, spreading the excess flow evenly through a forested area. This wetlands was designed with three aquatic plant zones and has begun to be filled with various wetland plants. Several elementary classes are gathering rainfall data and wetland water level data regularly for the educational wetlands. Also atomatic storm water samples are being gathered at the source and outflow ends of the wetlands. With the water flow problem corrected, the Deal Farm eroded stream banks were repaired with numerous BMP practices, cost shared through an EPA 319 grant. The stream water samples have been monitored regularly well before and now show dramatic improvement.

Craven Co. Water Screening: On August 7, 1997, Craven Co. Cooperative Extension and Craven Co. Health Dept. held a drinking water screening for lead and nitrate at the Craven Co. Agricultural Center. 102 individuals had their water screened, 46 for nitrate and 102 for lead. Only 2% of samples screened were found to have levels of lead and nitrate of concern. These people were called and advised of their situation. This was the first Extension contact for 53% of these people. Extension related material displayed was utilized to give promotion our office and services. Eight Extension Master Gardener volunteers were utilized to assist with registration and laboratory procedures. Two Extension Associates from NCSU campus coordinated efforts in the laboratory. The event was promoted through displays at pediatrician offices, OB/GYN offices, government offices, and convenient stores as well as newspaper and TV interviews.

On Saturday September 20, the extension team and 66 volunteers started off their beautiful sunny mornings by picking up litter around local county waterways. The event was a great success. Free T-shirts, donated by the county, were given out in a number drawing. RC Cola donated drinks, REACH donated a bushel of apples, and TVA donated gloves. Last year, a community member was the Big Sweep Coordinator, and only 7 people volunteered, cleaning one site. This year, I took on the lead as coordinator, and the extension team helped me to make this event spectacular! We picked up an estimated 3,620 pounds of liter, over an estimated 13 miles, combined, not including things that were too large to be bagged.

Schools throughout Cherokee County participated in a environmental poster and video-skit contest created by the Cherokee County Cooperative Extension Service, in order to celebrate America Recycles Day. There were 129 total participants with 4 elementary schools and 2 groups from 1 highschool participating. "I pledge to recycle" buttons, ribbons, and certificates were awarded to participants. Posters and videos were sent to NCRA in Raleigh to be displayed and played during state prize drawings. Local prizes were awarded, including a field trip to a recycling and composting facility.Cherokee County's event was selected as 1 of the top three in the state! We are proud of this success and hope to do the contest annually. We have definitely sparked environmental interest in our youth!

The Long Creek Watershed was identified as an area for water quality imporvement by the Quality of Natural Resources Commission. The Cooperative Extension Service and 16 Cooperating organizations received EPA funding to institute a demonstration project to reduce non-point source polution. Over the past two years best management practices were installed in urban and rural areas ranging from constructed wetlands, steam exclusions and crossings, livestock watering systems and stream bank restoration. As a result water quality improvements are being documented through the water sampling program.

With over 125 incidents of groundwater contamination and expenses exceeding $2 million to provide alternate water supplies, Extension coordinated a Groundwater Guardian program through the Quality of Natural Resources Commission (QNRC). The program encourages citizen involvement in groundwater protection projects in their communities. The QNRC team, partnered with UNC-Charlotte and local government, determined wellhead protection boundaries for all community wells and surveyed for possible contamination sources. The team's efforts gained Gaston County designation for the second year as a Groundwater Guardian Community at the 1997 National Groundwater Guardian Designation Conference held November 24, 1997, in Oak Brook, Illinois.

Many people in Gaston County are unaware that storm drains lead to area streams, not to waste treatment facilities. Thus, drains have been used as dumps. Extension coordinated a storm drain stenciling program through the Quality of Natural Resources Commission (QNRC). Approximately 120 volunteers from QNRC, 4-H, Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, Extension Homemakers, city government, and other civic groups volunteered to stencil drains in the Cities of Belmont, Mt. Holly, and Gastonia. The stencil read, "Keep Clean! Flows to Catawba River." Over 400 drains were stenciled. Flyers about how citizens can help keep area streams and rivers clean were left with local residents, and the Gaston Gazette ran a story on stenciling and pollution in storm drains. Residents and pedestrians in the stenciled areas now will know that putting trash, oil, and other debris into storm drains pollutes local water resources.

Poor stewardship of natural resources often is due to lack of understanding. Extension works through the Quality of Natural Resources Commission to coordinate volunteers who travel to local schools to teach elementary and junior high students about groundwater. Volunteers taught over 600 students and teachers about groundwater resources, contamination, and protection. Teachers' responses indicate students enjoy and learn much from the program.

The leachate management project began in late July 97 and continued through October. More than 200,000 gallons of leachate water has been disposed of thru this system to date. Preliminary calculations indicate that at a cost of $0.0165 per gallon to dispose of this water thru a waste treatment plant, a $3,300 savings to the operating budget occured by the end of October. It is estimated that annual savings could be as much as $20,000 per year in Madison Co. If this research can document that no detremental environmental effects occur from this pilot project simular savings can be expected at several other sites in N.C.

The Yancey County Christmas tree rcycling project was very successful for the fifth season. County employees and community volunteers in cooperation with the Cooperative Extension Service and Yancey County Commissioners turned more than 900 Christmas trees into useful mulch. The chipped mulch created a volume of approximately 120 cubic yards. Most of the mulch was hauled away by county residents within just a few days. Area residents have found several uses for the mulch, including composting, mulching landscape plantings and erosion control on steep slopes.

An environmental awareness program concerning water quality was taught to youth in one school reaching 180 youth. Youth gained factual knowledge of water and how to prevent polution. They also learned what happened if water was contaminated with oil. Trained 3 people to test water for nitrates. One youth discovered a nitrate contamination in the farm pond. Steps were taken to correct the problem. Prepared a display featuring home water treatment systems for the county fair. This exhibit was viewed by over 50,000 people.

After the storms of 1996, the Regional Solid Waste Management Authority was over ran with leaf and limb waste. With the help of Dr. Bob Rubin we set up a composting program which as of December 1997 had produced some 3000 cubic yards of good compost. The program included adding nitrogen, windrows, turning, and screening. As a result of this program the Authority will be able to sell the tailings of their wood chips to a local wood-fired enery plant and will be able to sell the compost to the general public. They are now getting $8.00 per ton for their tailings, and will receave an estimated $80.00 per ton for their compost. Total estimated increase in revenue $ 400,000.

The citizens of Johnston County have a 10 year-year comprehensive solid waste management plan that will protect the public health and environment. The plan was needed by the county but it was required by the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources, Division of Waste Management. Rather than each local government developing their own plan, a multi- jurisdictional plan was developed . Cooperative Extension helped assemble the needed parties and was instrumental in getting public comment on the plan. Extension networked with the Solid Waste Division of the County Public Utilities Department and representatives of 10 municipalities and 3 industrial representatives. The plan has a 40% solid waste reduction goal over the 10 years. The plan was adopted by the Johnston County Board of County Commissioners in July. The plan includes an educational component that will enhance the relationship between Cooperative Extnsion and local governments.

CEMP 19 RESILIENT YOUTH, FAMILIES AND COMMUNITIES

A pressing need for resilient youth is to become a part of a team and develop self confidence. Swain County 4-H was awarded $500 from the National 4-H Council to provide a youth sports program. Fifteen resilient youth participated on the basketball team, thus meeting others, forging new friendships and gaining self confidence.

4-H programs are conducted at Hilltop Apartments, a low-income, multi-cultural area. Many of the children reside with single parent families,receive little parental support, and do not participate in activities beyond their community. The older youth became involved with 4-H presentations and weekly presentation help sessions were planned. Eight youth worked on presentations;5 gave their presentations at County Activity Day. Through the presentation process, these youth were able to establish individual goals/plans. Several weeks after the competetion, one of the children told me she had to give a speech at school. She was not scared because she did a presentation and knew she could give her speech. A parent told me that she was pleased to see her child in 4-H and explained that 4-H was the only after-school activity he was interested in attending. Their presentations were very simple, but they learned and accomplished a great deal.

Currituck County partnered with Family & Consumer education Agents in five other counties, the Partnership for Children, Department of Social Services, College of the Albemarle, Elizabeth City-Pasquotank County Public Schools, and Albemarle Hospital to conduct a Northeast Child Care Conference. There were approximately 100 participants, 20 exhibitors, 12 concurrent session speakers and 12 committee members in attendance. Evaluation results were very positive and this partnership will continue to plan a conference annually. Participants were asked to place a dollar value on attendance at the conference which varied from $25 - $100+ for a total value of the 73 respondents at $3375.00. All child care providers received 4.5 hours of their required 20 hours of training annually.

The NCCES partnered with the real estate business, a local attorney and a financial institution to sponsor a First Time Home Buyers Series. Twenty four participants enrolled. After the first session participants were encouraged to invite others. There was a 100 percent return rate in participants and they brought 4 new participants. There were 10 requests for additional information, counseling or assistance. Participants rated the series on a scale of 1 - 10(10 highest) a 9. Participants were asked to estimate the dollars saved by attending this series. The amount ranged from $50 - $500, with the total amount reported at $4,050.00.

Of the 134 Support Our Students (SOS) enrolled, 10 "at-risk" youth gave presentations in 9 different 4-H project areas at the Northeast District 4-H Activity Day. The project areas varied from small engines to outdoor cooking to personal appearance. Of these 10 SOS participants, there were 6 first place winners and 2 second place winners, for a 70% success rate. The 8 winners will compete on the state level during the week of State 4-H Congress.

Most latch-key youth do not understand their nutirtion needs or have basic food preparation and kitchen safety skills. Cooperative Extension, in cooperation with the Triad Chapter of the American Culinary Federation, planned and conducted the "Chef and the Child," a 5 day series of foods and nutrition education classes for low-income youth ages 8-12. 30 youth participated with the assistance of 6 local chefs and the family and consumer educator. By the end of the week, most of the youth had mastered basic measuring, food preparation and kitchen safety techniques and better understood the importance of making nutritious food choices. The youths also had the opportunity to learn more about what it means to be a chef and see that as a possible career opportunity.

Twelve adult family members and 30 children participated in a week-end retreat to improve their problem solving skills and develop solutions to adverse family situations. Through the Children Youth and Family Program, the Forsyth Extension Staff and volunteers provided a week-end of fun and learning for family members from Kimberly Park and Millbrook Apartments in Winston Salem. Adults commented at the end of the retreat that they had new hope for ways to cope with their community problems, and were encouraged that there were others who shared their aspirations for positive parenting and family support.

The resident manager of Millbrook Apartment Complex in Winston Salem knows the value of 4-H to help reduce youth and family risks in their community. Two volunteers have taken the initiative to organize three 4-H clubs to address the needs of the 120 4-H age children in this community. They are recruiting other volunteers to assist with this effort. Through Winston Grows community garden program, these leaders, parents, and youth are feeling increased pride in their community and responsibility for its continued success.

The typical youth who participates in this program can be described in the following way = is at-risk for failing in school, may be involvd with juvenile court, has low self-esteem, and receives little parental support. A highlight of the program occurred when a youth, having returned from a visit with his mentor, exclaimed, "He trusted me! He let me talk on his 2-way radio and he trusted me enough to do it!" To be trusted by an adult was a major accomplishment for this young man. We can never fully understand or realize the impact we make in the lives of these young people.

One student that attended the 4-H/CBA afterschool program has benfitted throughly. Chris began attending the meetings when the program launched in December. He actively participated in the Afterschool Program and became one of the leaders within that group. Because of his interest and zeal to participate in 4-H activities he recevied a scholarship to attend camp at Betsy-Jeff Penn. Through this experience, he was exposed to various learning resources and life skills such as: enviromental education, canoeing, fishing, cooperation and group trusting activities. This opportunity would not have been available if he had not participated in 4-H.

Wayne County 4-H Youth Development conducts an after school program for students at two inner city schools funded by an SOS (Support Our Students) grant. The program is comprised of 45 to 55 students at each school conducted Monday thru Thursday on school days. Students are divided into groups and rotate into activities such as: recreation, homework, and a 4-H project activity. During homework time, students are given time to work on class assignments and receive assistance when needed. Students from Mount Olive College and Goldsboro High School volunteered to help the 4-H staff and served as tutors for the students. Teachers were surveyed to measure the impact the 4-H After School Program was having on the students school performance. The results were: 76 percent of students increased class participation, 60 percent increased homework completion, 65 percent increased quality of homework, 70 percent increased grades.

The 4-H Club organized in eastern Lincoln County last fall with youth at risk, is now known as the East Lincoln 4-H Club and it continues to thrive. A few of the members have changed, mainly because transition from place to place is high with some low-income families. The majority of the youth remain the same except in their growth of behavioral abilities, their social skills, and their self-esteem. With the gracious help of loving adult volunteers, some of the toughest behavioral cases have learned that it is not acceptable to behave in a rough, vulgar manner. With volunteers recruiting other volunteers, many times it is one on one with some of the youth which are harder to discipline. The turnaround in attitudes is very evident for us and comments from principals and teachers in school have reinforced what we have seen as the children grow in their abilities.

A reluctance to participate in extracurricular activities puts many youth at risk of getting in trouble, participating in socially unacceptable activities and dropping out of school. The Wilderness Experience seeks out these youths and offers challenging, outdoor activities. Once in the program, the Wilderness Experience offers the support and diversions found in traditional extracurricular activities. The Wilderness Experience has taken youth who normally do not participate in after school activities and focused their interests towards outdoor challenges. A majority of the participants who complete the program ask if they can continue the following year. Many of the youth request to repeat their summer adventure camp, and one youth stayed with the program all through high school, she graduated this Spring. Given the right motivation and opportunities, reluctant youth can be directed towards positive, challenging activities, diverting them from unacceptable, illegal activities and keeping them in school.

Melia was matched at age 15. She and her volunteer spent many hours together every week. At age 16 Melia decided to drop out of school. The volunteer was attending Wilkes Community College to get her associates degree before going to ASU to get a bachelors degree. The volunteer convinced Melia to come to Wilkes Community College with her and sign up for GED classes. They worked it out so they would have classes at the same time so they could both go to school "together"! This went on for 6 months then the volunteer went on to ASU. Melia decided to stay at Wilkes Community College and hopes to finish her GED this year.

Community service projects are required of each club annually. Many clubs however find there are benefits to the 4-H members of completing community service projects above and beyond the service project itself. In this regard youth from at-risk communities receive the same positive interaction through the service project as youth from any other neighborhood. Many times the service projects continue for extended periods of time, even years. For example, the adopt-a-grandparent program conducted in 1996 still continues for one Pitt County club. Another club has conducted a service project twice a month for a retirement home in the county for at least three years. Youth gain as much or more from these service projects as the community. Their popularity will only increase as more clubs are organized in the county.

Empowering To Succeed is one tool that Brenda Bazemore, a Bertie County Work First client used in her quest for gainful employement and self-sufficiency. Brenda, a divorce mother with a teenage son has worked when she could, but had to stop and stay home with a disabled uncle until his death. She babysat and was site manager at the public housing complex where she lives. Still, Brenda did not earn enough money to provide for her family. Brenda was selected by Social Services to attend the Extension program. She completed 48 of the 97 hour program. She also participated in the Child Care For Pay course, before finding work at a day care center. Her goal in life is to own a combination day care center for children/adults. Brenda said the best part of the experience, in addition to learning, was to think positive, communicate better and make new friends.

Many youth have a difficult time of avoiding the many antisocial behaviors that lead to destructive lifestyles. One particular youth in Southeast Raleigh has made major strides in the positive direction. The Wake County 4-H Youth Development Adult Role Model Project involves youth in a one on one mentoring relatioship with a caring adult. With this help of a mentor, this child has been able to improve significantly in the areas of goal-setting, decision-making, and planning. The tools have enabled this young person to attain summer employment in a field in which he is interested in pursueing upon completing highschool. In addition, he has served as a teen mentor to younger students in an 4-H run afterschool program. His grades have remained high, and he is currently working on his first presentation, and serving as a County 4-H Council Officer. The 4-H program has made a difference in the opportunities which

Support Our Students (SOS) is a joint project between Wake County 4-H Youth Development, Wake County Public Schools, youth serving organizations, families and the community. The program provides after-school activities (tutoring, enrichment, electives, and recreaton) for middle schol-age youth. During 1996-97, SOS provided activities for 468 middle school students in Wake County. One hundred and forty volunteers provided 3330 hours as tutors/mentors, career mentors, activity, and committee members. Students who have participated in the program for two years made substantial gains: 35% increased their reading proficiency level and 30% increased their math proficiency level. Additonally, as a result of the work of SOS, Ligon Middle School invited 4-H to utilize their school building to hold the program which would increase the number of students that will be served during this program year. This also increases the number of school-based sites to five.

During the summer months many of Wake County's youth have few opportunities to participate in positive activities. A team of paraprofessionals from Wake County 4-H and E.F.N.E.P. (Expanded Food & Nutrition Education Program) worked together to form the More Than You Ever Imagined Tour. This was an intensive outreach effort to provide positive youth development activities to youth throughout the county and give youth serving agencies information and ideas on how to enhance the quality of their programs. A total of 322 youth at 11 sites were reached by this program. The youth learned life skills such as communication, teamwork, and an appreciation for diversity. One adult participant observed that he "saw young leaders emerge, children get a boost in confidence, helping hands develop, and the start of positive feedback." He and several others were inspired to start providing similar positive activities in their communities.

The Wake County Cooperative Extension Service's 4-H and Youth Development Program won a competetive bid to manage the 1997 Summer Youth Employment Training Program in Wake County. This program was designed to provide work experience to some of the most economically disadvantaged youth in our county. In total 101 youth, ages 14-21, were served by this program. Youth worked for 7 weeks in jobs that were screened to assure a quality work experience. All youth participated in educational workshops on topics such as safety, communication, and budgeting. Certified teachers provided assistance to students needing help in basic skills. Not only did this program provide many youth with a positive way to stay busy this summer, but it also allowed them to experience the satisfaction of earning a paycheck. These youth have the motivation and confidence that they will need to improve their economic situation in the future.

Many youth spend the summer months complaining that they have nothing to do. Many parents of middle school age youth are concerned their children will become involved in negative activities because of this boredom. The Wake County 4-H and Youth Development Program knew that it could help some of these families when it was approached by the Capital Area Workforce Development Board to provide leadership to an initiative to provide community service opportunities for middle school youth. The Summer of Service poject was designed to give youth an appreciation for volunteerism and a sense of teamwork. Youth participated in a wide variety of community service projects and educational activities. At the end of the summer youth reported that they "felt special" because they were able to help others and their efforts were appreciated by so many.

Lincoln County has been working with Communities-In-Schools classes for several years. This year, the sixth grade class members at one school showed an increase in life skills through their participation in the 4-H embryology project. During the project the students made a list of fifteen important things they learned that they would like to share with others. Each child made an oral presentation in their science class for students not in the CIS program. They not only learned the subject matter but gained self-esteem and other life skills by using what they learned. Most of the youth received higher science grades during that grading period. Marks in CIS were good since they exhibited group cooperation, decision making skills, and they assumed responsibility for care of the eggs and chicks. This simple hands-on project allowed many avenues of success for this special group of students.

The Family Nutrition Program, "Out for Lunch" has operated in Hoke County for 1 full year. We are proud to have had 86 participants in the program. On several occasions, one of the County Commissioners have come to present certificates to the graduates.

The following comments have been received from the participants of the program:

"This program has given my family new recipes to enjoy." "This program has allowed my family to enjoy nutritious meals." "When I shop, I can now purchase more for my food dollars." "I think about buying more without spending lots of money." "I can spot deals by looking in the food ads." "I realize the importance of calcium to my body." "I will start buying meat in bulk to save money." "By keeping track of my money and not spending it freely, I am able to save money."

The Chowan County 4-H and Youth Committee identified the reduction of crime a major need for Chowan County youth. As a result, one major program, the 4-H Active Youth and pa Parents Program grant ($75,000) program was developed. Two public housing communities with high crime were identified as critical communities by the Edenton Police Department. Youth ages 5-16 have been participating in bi-monthly 4-H club meetings. Parents have verbally commented on the positive impact 4-H has had on the youth. According to the Poice Department, the youth are readily obeying rules, more willing to participate, and have become more concerned with the community. As special project was developed by the AYAP program director to get the youth more visibly involved in the county, the youth serve in a work crew. As a result, the youth have earned money to participate in 4-H camp.

Providing and maintaining a clean, safe, and secure environ- ment is a major concern for youth from high risk and limited resource communities. In cooperation with Keep Winston-Salem Beautiful and the Community Appearance Commission,programs were conducted to clean community waterways, remove trash and debris, and plant trees for area beautification. 140 youth participated, removed over a thousand pounds of trash and saved the county and city over $5200 in their clean-up efforts.Three year ago there was only one minority neighbor- hood involved in this effort. These programs have now been expanded to involve seven new minority neighborhoods due to the efforts of the Forsyth Center of NCCES.

As the Hispanic population continues to increase, the need to provide on-going educational opportunities and activities for these youth, particularly in the summer months, is needed. Through collaboration with the Randolph County Schools Migrant Education Program, the Cooperative Extension Service provided two theme day camps, one conducted in Liberty and one in Level Cross. 15 Hispanic youth participated in an environmental camp and 15 Hispanic middle and high school students participated in a science camp conducted by Dr. Bill Switzer of NC State. 100% of the students demonstrated increased knowldege in subject matter, participated in hands-on-activities, prepared meals and snacks, and continued to bridge the language gap by speaking only Englixh. Continued success was validated by an ESL teacher when youth returned to school and reported knowledge of a particular science experiment or term learned through summer camp.

The NCCES has recognized the importance of children's early experiences and development. They have partnered with other agencies, child care providers and parents to meet the needs identified that insure quality child care. Two Day Care Conferences were conducted reaching 195 providers with intensive educational information based on the eight basic areas addressed in the CDA (Child Development Associate) credentials. Six additional workshops were conducted reaching a total of 90 providers. Participants reported a total value of $5650 for attendance at one of the Conferences. Participants also reported making 52 changes in safety practices as a result of attendance at extension sponsored day care training.

In teaching and working with 15 SOS Students in a weekly recreation class where students participated in sports such as volleyball, basketball, football, kickball, etc. Each student was taught the basic skills of each sport. All 15 youth learned communication skills through working on a 4-H project book in leisure education with 2 submitting completed project books for judging. Approximately 95% of the students increased skills in sportsmanship, conflict resolution,a nd team building.

The 4-H CareerSmarts group had been meeting for approximately 5 weeks and had completed 5 of the 10 pre-employment booklets. The group was made up of 15 eighth graders at risk of dropping out of school before graduation. One of the students' teachers overheard her talking to a small group of underclassmen who were discussing quitting school as soon as they were 16 years old. She told them she was thinking of doing the same thing until she started 4-H CareerSmarts. She had learned a lot, but what really stuck in her mind was that if she quit school, she would not have a choice about what happened to her in her life. The teacher overheard her tell the small group that "she was NOT going to quit, and if THEY did, someone would always be making choices FOR THEM."

4-H ASSETS is a CBA funded afterschool program located in two local middle schools. It serves 50 percent court-referred youth. To date, 20 participants have shown the following progress: 63 percent decrease in problems at school, 88 percent decrease in school absences, 100 percent show no further court involvement, 75 percent take an active role in their individualized plans, 75 percent of parents/guardians have been involved in the program and two special interest clubs have been formed.

Parents and Children Train Together (PACTT) has enabled the 4H to reach at risk families (Work First/ltd resource)with intense programming efforts. As a result, families are increasing protective factors. One of the youth program participants was having problems managing his behavior. Attending 4H camp was an incentive for his improvement. He was successful and went to camp. During camp, he lost control of his behavior once for a brief period of time. However, he reported to his mother his mistake, what he did wrong and how he regained control of himself. This was a significant impact, considering previously he had trouble communicating his frustrations and analyzing his inappropriate response.

A fifteen year female came into the program with low self esteem and defiant behavior at home. Since being on the program, she has been admitted to the Honor Society and has maintained that status. Also her mother is pleased with her behavior in the home and improved relations with her stepfather. She was recently elected Reporter for 1998 4-H County Council.

CEMP 20 YOUTH DEVELOPMENT

Seven afterschool care directors were trained in Talking with TJ conflict resolution curriculum for 2-4 grade. Two of the schools implemented the curriculum which is a 6 hour program, with thirty youth. The directors stated that over 75% of the children showed improved conflict resolution skills and were using the power phrases that they learned. One teacher will be conducting the program during her summer camp this year.

There were 30 entries in the 4-H Fashion Show this year. Youth learned the value of constructing their own garment plus technical skills in tailoring and modeling. Three youth went on to State 4-H Clothing camp with one placing 7th in the state.

Eight youth attended a 2 day public speaking workshop. They learned and practiced skills necessary to compete in 4-H presentation contests. Seven of the Eight went on to compete at County Activity Day and will go on to District Activity Day. All of these youth presented for the very first time this year and had never done a speech before.

Tyrrell County's 48th annual 4-H Livestock Show was a great success. We had 23 youth, ages 6-18, participating with hogs and lambs. Lambs were a new division this year. Youth raised and cared for animals for 60 days, as well as, learning fitting and showmanship techniques. 91 adult volunteers gave a total of 728 hours of service. 35 sponsoring business contributed $8459.50 for livestock auction and trophies. The average price recieved per head for swine was $448.99; for lambs was $353.40. The show had approximately 200 other guests in attendance.

The Embryology program provided 89 youth with valuable life science experiences. Techers reported an increase in scientific skills and knowledge, with a 98% increase in science grades and 50% increase in behavior skills.

In response to a community wide focus on Character Education for youth; a 4-H Teen Character Council was formed in Tyrrell and Washington Counties. A weekend retreat for 21 youth ages 13-18 provided training in teaching techiniques and activities in six aspects of character development. Six Tyrrell members have taught 25 youth ages 6-12 about Character Development in 3 fun-filled workshops. These teen mentors have reported a greater awareness of their influence towards youger kids and realize the importance of providing positive role models.

Stokes County 4-H wanted to offer youth a project that would help them learn about responsibility. The rabbit project did just that. Throughout the project youth learned how to care for rabbits, how to identify different breeds of rabbits, and how to show rabbits. We had nearly 200 youth that participated in the program and nearly 700 youth that participated in 30 minute programs. Parents of the rabbit project group reported an increase in responsibility with their child. A local school reported that a "distant" child was brought closer to his peers. The child spent the school year writing about things he hated. He never said anything positive. After participating in the rabbit show the child began to open up and have a brighter outlook on life. The project has long since been complete and the young boy still remains open and approachable to his peers.

A pressing need for youth is to have self-motivation when developing necessary life skills. At the West District Horse Show Christan Woodard demonstrated just this. Christan Woodard won six first place ribbons and trophys and won the Senior Sportsmanship Award. Christan learned that hard work and dedication prevails. She will be participating in the Raleigh State 4-H Show as well.

Bicycle Safety has become an issue in Washington County. Three years ago there were two bicycle accidents in Washington County.The 4-H agent has responded to this issue by conducting a bicycle safety program with fourth graders in Washington County. 193 fourth graders participate. Sponsorship for bicycles ,helmets and other door prizes are secured from local civic groups,which comes to $900.00 in donations. As a result of the program over 70% of the youth report wearing helmets.

Currituck County held presentation training for 25 youth and 5 adult volunteers. After receiving training, the adult volunteers were instrumental in preparing youth for presentations. Out of the 25 youth trained, 20- participated in presentations. There was a total of 29 presentatiion participants. Seventy percent of youth attending District Activity Day will go on to compete at Congress. Youth gained many life skills through their presentation work including planning and organizing, communication, self-responsibility,and self-esteem.

Reins Volunteer and 4-H Leader, Robin Durham, reported monumental personal growth at Horsemanship Camp. The child had deep interest and commitment in learning how to ride, but had a fear that would not allow her to ride, dispite many hours of lessons. Through the camp process, she was able to overcome her fears! Two days latter, she was riding on her own with a smile on her face.

Two of our 4-H teens, living in diverse housing, have shown increased skills in communication by participating in the 4-H presentation program. Lakita and Shakita both prepared award winning 4-H presentations for District Activity Day this year. They now have more confidence in their ability to speak before a group of strangers. Their presentation skills and level of aspiration have shown great improvement because of their 4-H involvement.

Increased Community Service is the buzzword for Forsyth County 4-H'ers. Members in community clubs, after-school clubs, and county wide clubs are providing at least 20 hours per month for community service during the first six months of this year. Their projects include Samaritan Ministries, Community clean-ups, Winston Grows Garden project, working with the Special Children's School, Community Roots Day, working as volunteers in the Summer Reading Program. Through these activities our 4-H'ers are becoming more aware of their personal impact in the life of their community.

Many children lack the opportunity to participate in an organized club for numerous reasons; financial, lack of self-confidence, inadequate social skills, etc. For this reason a 4-H club was organized in a middle school exceptional children's program to aid the youth in life skills development and to enhance self-esteem. Through participation in the program, 14 boys and girls increased communication, leadership, and decision making skills, participated in community service projects, and expanded their knowledge in the areas of International Foods and Theater Arts. Methods used to determine the impact were teacher observation, hands-on-activities, and increased self-confidence through involvement in school talent shows and assemblies.

A need for quality hands-on science curriculum exist in the Rowan/Salisbury elementary schools. To address this issue, 4-H trained 3rd grade teachers in 4-H Embryology. With support from the local Quail Association, 4-H provided 20 classrooms with an incubator, quail eggs and curriculum, a value of $800. At the conclusion of the program 7 teachers completed evaluations. Each of the 7 teachers indicated that their students positive perceptions of science and non-science curricula were enhanced by use of the program. It was also reported that class participation improved in 4 of the classrooms. In total, 326 students gained knowledge through participation in the 4-H Embryology program.

Illiteracy has been on the increase in Rutherford County and now we have one of the highest rates of illiteracy in the state. 4-H members felt concern and the need to address this issue. County Council set a goal of collecting 500 books to distribute thoughout the county at shelters and child agencies. Each 4-H member should bring a least two books. 4-H members exceeded their goal by 238 books, almost 200 percent over goal. 4-H members not only increased their awareness of a county wide problem but took action to make a difference.

A Community 4-H Club member was very shy and would barely communicate with anyone outside of her family or close friend circle. She was encouraged to join a 4-H club two years ago. In June she participated in the 4-H presentation program at county and district competition. Her former school principal commented on the change he had began to notice in her after her involvement with the 4 program. Mr. York could not believe the difference in her self-confidence, not to mention her ability to communicate knowledge through her presentation.

Teen pregnancy prevention is a priority in Surry County. A $4,840 grant from March of Dimes and a smaller gift from the Teen Pregnancy Prevention Board allowed the purchase of 14 "Think It Over Babies" (electronic dolls) and equipment for each such as strollers, car seats, diaper bags, blankets, etc. School administrators and teachers wrote letters of support and have been instrumental in carrying out the program. 69 students in 4 high schools in the county have been assigned these dolls since their February purchase. Pre- and post-tests are administered to determine attitude changes brought about by the experience. All 69 students have reported at post-test the desire to wait until more mature to start a family.

At the organizational meeting in February, children brought program ideas and each family agreed to be responsible for one. Parents agreed to attend with their children & eleven families because actively involved. At every meeting a different child leads the 4-H pledge and his/her parent leads the educational program. Each child keeps a notebook and is given the chance to share at each meeting. In May, an eight year old member researched hoof care and gave the program with her younger brother who held her homemade posters. The children received much appreciation and encouragement from other parents, including a vet sho was very impressed with their presentation. It is exciting to see parents and children taking leadership and encouraging other families. Although most of these parents have limited horse knowledge, they say they are enjoying learning with their children.

In March I took a girl to her first District Teen Retreat. Although she knew only two others and was shy, she met the group from Cherokee Reservation and soon made friends. The volunteer leader from the Reservation encouraged her to do a presentation so they could see her again at District Day. The next week she asked me if she could do a presentation on child safety. I believe she would have never decided this without her new friends' encouragement.

After seeing videos of several presentations whe thought she had the idea and began preparing and saving her babysitting money for supplies and Congress. At District Day her mom came to watch, and she was reunited with her friends. At the day's end she had a $50 scholarship to 4-H Congress. She also had improved communication skills, knowledge, and a boosted self-confidence.

Wayne County 4-H conducted a career day program for 96 high school students. The students spent a half day with an adult host in a career of their choice. Sixty-eight adults volunteered to serve as host. The day included a luncheon to honor the students and adult host. Each student was responsible for writing an essay about their experience. The general comments from students about the impact the programs made on them included: "The experience helped me decide on pursuing this career field", "The day allows youthh to realize that a field is right for them, or maybe even that it is wrong for them", "This day was a real eye opener for me". A local civic club provided $1,000 to fund the program.

As a direct result of her participation in a 4-H leader training on the NC 4-H Presentation Program, the organizational leader of a limited-resource 4-H club felt that her members would benefit from presentation participation. The Cabarrus 4-h Office provided training and support, resulting in 9 limited-resource children being named County Presentation Champions - seven first-timers. Additional support was provided by volunteers, parents, and resource leaders from within the community. The participants developed skills in organization, outlining, topic research, poster design, and public speaking. At District, 5 were named District winners and two were named runners-up. The youth have already learned leadership skills that will last a lifetime.

Cabarrus 4-H youth continue to need opportunities to develop leadership skills. Several successful programs have addresses this need. The five week "Speak Up" Program was cosponsored with the Goldmine Toastmasters.Youth participating increased public speaking skills and greater poise.

Local club officres and county officers report feeling more confident when leading or directing a group after the 4-H offficer experience.

The presentation program in 4-H is an excellent way for young people to develop communication skills. One particular youth is an excellent example. Last spring she gave her first presentation as an 8 year old cloverbud. She was so frightened that we had to clear the audience from the room, with only her mother and me left to watch. She spoke very softly but could use her hands very skillfully. This year she returned to county with a new presentation which she gave before a room filled with people. She won! After some polishing of the material she went to District where she won over 4 other junior members. Now she is preparing to go to the State Contest. She is living proof that self confidence and communication skill building works in the 4-H program.

A need exists for chldren in limited income housing to experience success and positive reinforcement. Fourteen 4-H'ers in limited income housing are participating in Community Gardening projects. Children have been paired with Master Gardener volunteers who provide them with information and materials for their gardens. The volunteers have also spent time working with the children and their parents in their gardens. Parents have estimated that children are producing about two meals per week for their families and neighbors. Children and leaders have also expanded their gardening project by landscaping around community centers in their neighborhoods. Children have taken pride in their gardens and have demonstrated increases in self-esteem by participating in 4-H presentations.

Teaching 350 students to become good stewards of the earth was a challenge for 4-H and Bulluck Elementary teachers. However, the challenge became an easy task when 4-H environmental materials and community support were put together to create an exciting "Earth Awareness Day" for the students. The day included 10 hands-on activities which enable the students to fill the earth between their fingers. Teachers shared "that Bulluck students certainly acquired new knowlege and skills about their environment they live in and the future it holds for them if they protect and care for it now". "Earth Awarness" was provided to the students at no charge. However an estimated cost of $1500 is what the event would have cost if 4-H had not provided the leadership to implement the educational opportunity.

The 4-H BEST program is now completing its first year of service and will be funded again for fiscal year 1997-1998. This year the program served 13 Granville County youth who have performed or are performing 384 hours of non-monetary community service work. The monetary restitution component of the program provided one adjudicated youth with a worksite that earned $150.00, which was paid directly to the Clerk of Court for payment to the crime victim.

Each youth was also provided the opportunity to acquire work-related skills in a classroom setting and at the worksite.

4-H BEST established 11 community service worksites and one restitution site.

Overall the 4-H BEST program saved Granville County approximately $650,000 this year by providing an alternative to juvenile training school. This program improved the attitudes, behavior and criminal tendencies of those youth served.

Goal: To promote 4-H in the Vass community by helping a leader start a new 4-H club. Success Story: Through our volunteer bus chaperone program a parent saw the great positive effect of the 4-H experience at Junior Camp on her son who is interested in the environment. By cultivating a relationship with her over a two year period we now have a 4-H club focused on the environment in the Vass community.

An 11 year old 4-H'er decided to join a public speaking special interest program. She had never done a presentation before or anything remotely like it. She picked a topic, her favorite subject in school--health--and organized her presentation. With help from her grandmother and 4-H Agent, she wrote a nutrition pyramid presentation. A week before 4-H District Activity Day she rehearsed in front of a small audience. After a fearful start, she stopped and could not finish. Several minutes later she was able to try again and again and again. By the morning of District Activity Day, she was so excited! She reviewed her presentation repeatedly before arriving. She did her presentation for the judges without missing a beat and won their hearts. She won district champion in her category! She was on cloud nine. She cannot wait until next year to do another presentation.

Community Assets is an itiative that incorporates 4-H into neighborhoods in hopes of reducing juvenile crime and improving community support in public housing and limited-resource communities. One club in this successful project has been innovative in creating opportunities and ideas for their community. This 4-H club, referred to as "Da Bomb", consists of 9-12 year olds that are eager to make a difference in their neighborhood. These youth have formed a great vision in accomplishing goals for the betterment of the neighborhood. In less than a years time this club has organized a food pantry and clothing closet for community residents. They are active in generating donations from churches, families, and friends. In addition, they volunteer weekly at a local retirement home as foster grandchildren. "Da Bomb" has been a true asset in their community and will continue to have a positive impact through their loyalty for their families.

We often see growth in 4-H'ers as they are involved in the program. One county youth has shown significant growth in self-confidence. At one point, she would only attend 4-H events if her sister also attended. This year she has participated in several events without the sibling's support including: teen retreat, Interstate Exchange, Club Congress, and State Council. These events, however, included 4-Her's from her county. At Congress she won a presentation which allowed her to compete on the national level. After winning, she was worried about going with people from all over the state which she didn't know. However, upon her return, she had over fifteen new friends not only from NC but from other states. The increased self-confidence of this young lady is wonderful and she is now pursuing county leadership roles.

A well established 4-H program in Meck Co., Camping For Tomorrow, continues to yield good results for inner city youth. For the first time in over 4 years the project did not receive a grant to conduct its on-going program. However, this did not hamper the support from volunteers, business and the CES staff. A major focus of the group each year has been producing a veg. garden that serves to keep the kids busy while teaching them respect for nature, themselves and teamwork. CES Hort and Foods agents provided valuable support for the project. A highlight of this years garden project was the distribution of collards, greens, and turnips the children raised that they gave to senior citizens.

Since the conclusion of the 1996 4-H year special efforts have been made to encourage both leaders and adults to participate to a greater extent in project records. During county council meetings, competitive 4-H events and special workshop trainings the 4-H record has been emphasised. All 4-H groups were encouraged to have their youth fill out the records properly and in a timely manner instead of waiting until right before they were due for judging. Also efforts were put forth to encourage youth to resubmit county winning books to the district level. Success was achieved in many of these cases. In 1997 when project record judging took place over 200 books were submitted. There was an increase in the number of clubs who also turned them in by 25%. To begin the year 5 4-H members submitted books for district competion. Two of those were first place winners in four categories.

New Hanover County's youth excel in horticulture even in this most urban and densely populated county. Youth (37) ranging in age from 9 to 19 participated in 20 workshops culminating in a trip to the North Carolina 4-H Horticultural Judging Contest held during 4-H Congress and winning both the Senior and Junior divisions. Volunteers raised $3000.00 to send the Senior Team to Williamsburg, Virginia to compete in the National Junior Horticultural Judging Contest. The contest exposes youth to decision making skills and experiences which will guide them for life. They identify, study, and learn how to best utilize and care for plants while preparing for competition. This year's Open Team with Charlie LaBrecque, Vance Whitaker, and Richard Wilkins placed second in the National Judging Contest and team members Veronica Brumbaugh, Brad Frank, Brock Shelton and Janette Wilkins finished seventh in the 4-H Division.

Creekside 4-H Clovers Club meet three times a week at a huge mobile home park. The neighborhood is very transit and offers few opportunities for positive recreation and social groups. This is the third year with the club with parent and community support increasing each year. In interviews parents reported that children felt part of a group and have positive role models through the 4-H club. The principal at the community school was quoted as saying "the program boosted the children's self-esteem and improved reading. This is an opportunity for them to belong to something." Teachers reported 30 of the members, who were in the club throughout the year, improved their decision making skills and 24 of the youth had an increase in their level of responsibility. Parents, school and community leaders feel 4-H is making a difference in the youth.

Two classes who have participated in the Embryology program for the past five years were selected to attend the 4-H Gala in Charlotte to share the program with key leaders. The children were so excited about the quail and sharing all they knew about embryology. One of the teachers was so impressed with how well a poor performing student discussed all aspects of the embryology program with adults and teens, she is altering hsi grade to reflect his knowledge increase. The teacher stated "this student does not do well with written tests and homework; however, I feel justified in giving him an A because he really understands the whole process and can verbalize it." The embryology program gave this little boy a chance to shine inside and outside of school.

Much concern exists in today's society about youth not valuing other people and/or property. In addition, companies are voicing their fear that students are not gaining skills in science, math and reading. The Embryology program address some of these concerns at an early age. In Gaston County 2632 youth participated in the program last year. Teachers evaluation forms showed interest in science went up, parent communications increased, and class participation was higher. Several teachers commented on how well the program promotes the value of life, encourages compassion and interest in the well-being of the birds, etc. In the words of a teacher "This is the best life lesson for my students to experience each year! So much is learned beyond science. Yes this program makes a difference." Another teacher states "The students have gained more from this than they could out of any science book.

Most youth do not understand how agriculture effects their everyday life. To help reduce this problem and to assist youth in developing life skills such as decision making Cooperative Extension 4H developed a new 4H livestock club in the county. The group has grown to over 45 youth, with atleast this many adults (parents) participating with the youth. Activities aimed at increasing knowledge and life skills include a petting zoo, livestock and pet projects, farm tours, guest speakers, farm games, compeditive 4H activites, shows, etc. One example of the impact is a quote from an inner city member "I helped feed somebody" after he had shown and sold his 4H project lamb. Membership is about 60 % urban and inner city and 40 % rural. This diversity has assisted in increasing the knowledge gained by youth.

In order to complete the learning cycle, it is important that children learn to apply what they have learned, reflect upon their experience and share it with others. Completing 4-H record books is evidence that children have learned by doing, applying, reflecting and sharing. With assistance from our 4-H volunteer leaders, 50 4-H project records were completed by 31 children. Completion of these 4-H records also helped 4-H members to earn $1,025 in scholarships that they may use to offset their 4-H trips such as junior camp. This is a 150% increase in the number of project records completed in 1996.

Due to the low per capita income in Hoke County and the number of youth who qualify for free or reduced lunch, we received an EFNEP grant in the amount of $13,500 to conduct Nutrition Day Camps. Ninety six youth attended the 2-week camps held at elementary school in targeted areas.

Participants learned about the Food Guide Pyramid, food safety and manners, meal planning, foods from other countries, self-esteem, goal setting and other related topics. Also included were recreation and hands-on crafts projects.

Parents reported a change in participants eating habits, an increase in the nutritional knowledge and a desire to cook new things at home.

When Davyon Ryan, a member of the Teen Summit 4-H Club and a 9th grader at Bertie High School, had an idea to share special items, ie. socks, pajamas, towels, kleenex and gowns, with senior citizens in the rest home; he had no idea what the response would be. With the help of fellow club members and classmates, Shawna Bond and Lisa Smallwood, they were able to obtain items for sixty-three senior citizens.

Thirty people attended a workshop for afterschool staff just prior to school beginning in August. Representatives from 14 or the 18 county afterschool sites learned new ways to make crafts from inexpensive and "free" recyclable items for a potential audience of approximately 1250 youth. In a follow-up shortly after the workshop, 6 sites had already used the information and 7 other sites planned to do so within the school year.

A 13 year old Forsyth County 4-H'er was selected to represent 800 students at her middle school at a prestigious County wide Human Relations Banquet. In a letter from her parents, the Forsyth County Cooperative Extension 4-H program was given the credit for allowing her to shine in the interview/selection process by stating: "...(Her) success comes partially from the skills and values she is taught from school teachers, coaches and parents. However, we attribute (her) ability to really SHINE from the following opportunities in 4-H: Camps, Exchange programs, International programs, public speaking, project records, 4-H congress, leadership training, presentations and district and county meetings. Without these opportunities...her talents would have taken many more years to be noticed." The growth of this one 4-H member is an indication of the true impact 4-H can have on developing life skills and responsible adults for our future.

44 limited resource youth from high crime environments benefitted from involvement in a public speaking program and workshops presented by Cooperative Extension Service and supported by Toastmasters and Twin City Kiwanis of Winston Salem. Youth increased and improved effective communication skills by attending training workshops, presenting speeches. Youth gained skills in correct posture, poise, and pitch. Feedback from school teachers, parents and volunteer club leaders have indicated that the program help youth increase academic achievement through researching topics, increase use of libraries, and speaking before an audience. Other impacts are an increase in self esteem and self worth.

Many of today's middle school aged youth know that one day they will get a job but have not even begun to think of how. Using the 4-H CareerSmarts curricula, twelve youth in the Granville County SOS after school program have increased their knowledge of resources available to research careers, completing job applications and resumes, job interviews and expected job behavior. After 20 hours of instruction, mock interviews were held to test their new-found skills. "They asked me hard questions--but now I feel better about my chances of getting a good job," said one participant. The SOS after school staff has already asked 4-H to return soon for another SOS mini-session of CareerSmarts.

A long-time Extension supporter and former 4-Her wanted to return a favor to his community and to the Extension Service for all that had been done for him. He wanted to donate a horse to a 4-Her without one. After careful evaluation of the horse and planning for how it should be placed, we devised a plan to place the horse with a 4-Her for a one year term, renewable at the end of each year if desired. The winner was determined through an essay contest and the horse was presented at our Farm-City Week kickoff breakfast. Reports from parents, teachers, church members and her 4-H leader all send a glowing message of increased skills and confidence from the experience of caring for "her own" horse. Our volunteer is thrilled with the results of his donation and we are making plans for next year's project!

Increasing minority participation in the Johnston County Youth Livestock Project and teaching them life skills of decision making, goal setting, communicating and dependability were both accomplished by the charter of the Show Runners 4H Club with twelve minority youth. 4H recruited and trained a volunteer leader to form a local club. They choose a hog project to raise money for their club and learn the responsibilities of livestock production. The livestock committee approved this as a one time project. All club members had to participate in a hog skill-a-thon to see which two members would represent the club in the county show. BB&T Bank purchased their club hog for $345.00 which taught the cost/profit loss ratio of the project. It netted $495.00 for their treasury. Futhermore, three members took a personal loan from the Farm Service Agency to purchase their own hogs for 1998 county show.

The 1997 version of the Johnston County Youth Livestock Show and Sale was a huge success boasting several increases over the previous year. An increase of 12 participants from 148 to 160, ranging in age 5 to 19. A slight increase in the number of beef animals and a slight decrease in the lamb and swine groups kept the animal number constant at 184. Support from local buyers increased through higher contributions from $99,017.51 in 1996 to$136,757.29 in 1997, an increase of $37,739.78. Over 100% of theparticipants report saving their money for higher education. In addition to success being measured monetarily, a large turn out was realized in the judging contest portion of the event. Area FFA groups held their regional contest and increased knowledge in livestock evaluation skills such as public speaking and decision making.

Northampton County has no outdoor recreational facilities. To expose our youth to the joys of camping, the Extension Service and the Recreation Department held two Outdoor Living Skills day camps each of which ended in a three day, two night camping trip.

A total of 27 students learned about setting up a camp site, reading a compass, cooking outdoors, and how to work cooperatively in groups. They planned menus and activities to be conducted during the campouts. On a nature hike one evening one youth commented that "I was scared at first going into the woods at night but you (the park ranger) made it fun and not scarey at all".

Northampton County has no avenue for youth to express and display their artistic ability outside of the school system. In response to this need, the Extension Service and the Northampton County Education Foundation sponsored a weeklong Young Artists Day Camp. Held on Chowan College campus, 56 youth had an opportunity to hone their skills in one of two different learning tracks. Track 1 explored creative arts such as Papier mache, Sculpture, Batik, Photography, and Molding while Track 2 covered all aspects of drawing such as Pen and Ink, Charcoal, Pastels, Still Drawings, and Abstracts.

Visiting artists were brought in to provide instruction in the various mediums. A reception and exhibit of works for parents, friends, and supporters was held at the end of the week.

One student said that what he liked best about the week was that "you could create what you wanted and nobody laughed at it."

There is a pressing need to have constructive programs during the summer in our rural county. Extension has provided this opportunity via 4-H Day Camps. The SPACES curriculum was used to provide workshops in three day camp sites for 63 youth. Youth spent 10 hours in each day camp, participating in workshops/activities that addressed conflict resolution, roles and responsibilities, exploring similarities, appreciating diversity, values and ethics. Participants stated they learned, "how to treat others, "how to avoid conflicts" and "to change my attitude about people".

In response to a need to provide youth with constructive, positive, and education activities, the Hoke county extension service provides opportunities for participation in for livestock projects in the county. One young man in particular showed a heifer for the first time in a county show and at the state fair. The heifer required a lot of work an attention to get ready for showing. At the NC State Fair the 4-Her's mother commented," you wouldn't beleive how much his self-confidence has improved and how much he has grown thru this project. Everyone should have their child involved and we plan to be back next year."

In response to a pressing need for long term youth support systems to develop certain lifeskill competencies, a 4-H club was establised. The 4-H club serves two cities that are adjacent to each other in proximity. Currently the club has thirty members with the predominant age range being 5-10 years old. The club is participating in nutrition project work using the Tasty Tidbit curriculum. 100 percent of the members present at the October meeting could idenitfy four foods containing starches.

Every year 4-H encourages youth to participate in presentations. Each year the youth complain and struggle with the presentation process.....from deciding a topic to researching the desired topic to speaking in front of a group. The year was like any other and workshops were given to interested youth. At one of the workshops a teen stood up and announced to everyone that the presentations were nerve wracking but they gave you a sense of accomplishment, increases self-esteem, and gives you a confidence that she had not discovered any where else. She said she only discovered this recently when asked to give an oral report. She was upset over the idea until her mom told her that it was like a 4-H presentation. Her entire attitude changed when she learned this. She had done presentations before and she was no longer worried.

Four-H Teen Leaders are instrumental in working with other 4-H'ers. They help to expand the reach of the program while they are improving their own skills. In December, twelve Teen Leaders helped teach 46 youth at the 4-H Holiday Crafts Workshop. The teens helped select crafts, make samples and lead the instruction. Teens were entirely responsible for leading 6 crafts and helped adults teach 4 other ones during this day long workshop. The teens were able to improve their organizational skills as they prepared supplies. They practiced communication skills as they provided step by step instruction and individualized assistance for the participants. As the teens interacted with each other to make sure the participants received adequate supervision during the craft and lunch times, they practiced their interpersonal skills. Leadership roles like this help the teens to learn new skills and practice old ones just like the youth they are helping.

Of the 236 children involved in the Ashe County 4-H Summer Foods and Nutriton Program 100 percent exhibited knowledge gained in their ability to make healthier food choices. Based on responses of the pre-post oral questionnaire with picture responses, there was a 19 percent over all increase in knowledge of healthier food choices. Age group 7-8 year olds exhibited a 26 percent increase in knowledge of good food choices on the test. Parents report "...they are more aware of what kind of food is healthful and what foods to avoid in their meals," "...they learned that eating healthier makes you a happier and healthier person."

The program, directed toward limited resource families, benefitted youth by exposing and educating them to proper nutrition as the first step in combating heart disease, the number 1 killer in America.

With the uprise in harmful bacteria and germs along with carelessness, food safety is an essential issue with such impressionable audiences as youth.

Based on a pre-post survey a 19 percent increase in knowledge was exhibited by the 236 children involved in the Ashe County 4-H Summer Foods & Nutrition Program as to appropriate and safe food handling techniques. All children demonstrated appropriate hand washing, sanitizing food preparation and serving surfaces, safe food preparation, and safe serving and storage techniques. Age group 12-15 year olds showed an increase in their knowledge of "how to..." by 27 percent.

The heart of family socialization and communication - the mealtime and dining time - is declining/disintegrating. Teaching the children table manners and etiquette has made an impact on them to start a change - or at least show their families - possibly escalating the return to meal time together and the realization of its importance and enjoyment.

As observed and documented by volunteers 100 percent of all children involved in the Ashe County 4-H Summer Foods and Nutrition Program demonstrated proper table setting and age appropriate table manners. Of those children between the ages of 9 and 11 there was a 42 percent improvement in behavior (table etiquette) with a 30 percent improvement over all. Each child was able to set a table with dishes, silverware, glassware and cloth napkin and table cloth by the end of the lessons.

Craven County 4-H and Family and Consumer Science Agents in cooperation with the Coalition For Reconciliation (a group of African American and White Ministers from the downtown New Bern are who work together to better racial relations) conducted a six week summer day camp experience for inner city youth entitled "Food For Life". The project was funded through EFNEP with an additional $1200 being raised in In-Kind contributions ranging from toothbrushes to transportation. One hundred youth took part in the camp and as a result 39 collaborations were established with 21 being first timers. The participants were tested by and ECU graduate student and it was found that 65 percent of the campers showed increased knowledge of nutrition, 55 percent increased their self esteem, and 48.28 percent developed a better attitude toward nutrition.

In an effort to teach young people money management skills, a "Learn To Earn" club was organized. This craft project club consisted of 8 members and 2 volunteers with the purpose of giving interested youth the training needed to earn their own money. Club members worked diligently to perfect their craftsmanship skills, keep financial records of expenses and earnings, submit crafts for screening, produce crafts for sale, and exhibit their crafts at three shows. These youth earned approximately $1000.00 from the sale of their crafts. The life skills they learned will be utilized throughout their life.

Seven members of a local high school FHA/HERO Parliamentary Procedure Competition Team were coached for the District and State Competitions. The team members were observed by their supervising teacher and the coach as enhancing their their interpersonal relationships and communication as members of a team as well as gaining knowledge and self-confidence in their ability to assume leadership roles within other organizations in the future. They increased their knowledge of the complexities of parliamentary procedure to the degree that they won the District Competition and were provided with scholarship money from the Extension Homemakers Association to help them defray the costs of state competition. Several of the members families were not in finanial situations to help meet the costs of the trip, so the scholarship encouraged the team with community support that was a great morale and self-confidence boost.

Jones County 4-H'ers have increased communication skills through oral presentations, writing exercises, wildlife habitat evaluation competitions, and participation in livestock judging contests. Two expense paid trips to national events, the 1997 National Beef Ambassador Competition, and the 1997 National 4-H Congress, were earned by members as a result of increased communication skills. Increased knowledge in varied subject areas has enabled 4-H members to earn over $26,000 as a result of their 4-H project work. In addition, senior teens have developed increased confidence and responsibility through leadership opportunities that have allowed them to serve as volunteers with younger children.

The 4-H Advisory Committee has tried numerous ways of addressing the issue of serving youths in the low-income housing units in the county. At the beginning of the school year, with the approval of the Board of Education, clubs were organized in two schools located in or near the communities. The clubs meet weekly and immediately after school and school counselors are serving as leaders. 4-H curriculum emphasizing life skills is used and the children are learning how to make sound decisions and and manage life situations. 57 children are being served at the 2 sites and school records indicate that 80% of them have improved conduct and 91% have higher grades than last year.

Polk County 4-H Council sponsored an aluminum can recycling project. Many of the 4-H'ers got very involved in the project, and the group collected over 800 pounds of aluminum. Five year old Lauren Edwards, a new 4-H club members, got especially involved in the project. She asked neighbors, churches, businesses and others to help her collect aluminum. She even collected aluminum along the roadside, parks, and shopping centers with her mother, Terri. During the year, Lauren collected 4,458 cans -- which she counted one by one. Her mother tells me she counts even better now!

Seventeen year old Nancy Hutchinson, a ten year 4-H member, has certainly applied the skills she has learned in 4-H. Her 4-H projects have focused on clothing, leadership, and performing arts. Nancy started her own gymnastics school, As You Wish Children's Creative Center. Not only is she teaching and running a very successful business, she is also hiring others. Nancy credits 4-H recordkeeping and public speaking, along with her project experiences, with giving her the skills needed to start and manage her own business.

Through the guidance of Cooperative Extension, a 4-Her had the opportunity to compete in a cattle knowledge contest at the National Junior Angus Convention. This individual was recognized as a First place winner in the intermedate age division, thus bringing recognition to NC and Rowan county as well. This mark of increased knowledge in their project area will benefit this young person throughout his career in the livestock industry.

Three Rowan County 4-H Members learned that the International Mission of the Southern Baptist Convention needed additional coats to send to needy children in North Korea. The 4-H members had extra wool fabric and plenty of sewing experience because of their participation in the 4-H Fashion Revue. With the help of their parents, a local 4-H leader and the donation of zippers from a 4-H donor the boys used the skills they developed through 4-H to make 7 coats for the mission project.

The coats were valued at $50 each. The opportunity for the boys to share their sewing and citizenship skills was priceless.

A local 4-H'er who is very active in the 4-H Horse program has started her own business "Horse Sense & Services" to support her participation in horse activities. The 4-H'er uses the knowledge and skills she developed through her project work to provide equine consultation, temporary barn management, barn sitting, magnetic blankets and wraps and specialty gift items. This 15 year old 4-H'er is now serving barns in several communities and making a profit with the business she started herself.

A primary goal of the Franklin County 4-H Program this year was to increase the awareness of 4-Hers of the importance of citizenship. This year 4-H Clubs were asked to adopt several service projects as well as to increase their knowledge of current community issues. As a result of two training sessions for volunteers over 150 traditional club members and approximately 310 4-H School Enrichment students participated in the Big Sweep waterway clean-up, fund raising for Safe Space and United Way, feeding four families for the holidays, downtown clean-up programs, Tar River Festival, and the Whistler's Convention. Many of these youth also attended at least one Town Council Meeting and one County Commissioners Meeting. Many of the youth are now more aware of the value of true Citizenship.

For years my husband,James, has been supportive of all 4-H activities. But this year after becoming a small airplane pilot, he and three other pilots started an Aviation 4-H club. It is filled with youth that said they had always been interested in the area of airplanes but never dreamed they would be in a club devoted to that dream. 69% are first time 4H members. This club has really "taken flight. At achievement Night, they were honored as the club that turned in the most record books. Thus earning a pizza party. Every field trip is a treat and my husband has gone from being a far-away supporter of 4-H to being one of Gates County"s biggest 4-H friends. In fact his motto now is "GO FLY THE 4-H WAY!"